تأثیر روش فرآوری بذر بر جوانه‌زنی و استقرار بوته چغندرقند در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس-چالوس، ایران

2 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندر قند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس، چالوس، ایران.

4 دانشیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

فرآوری بذر بخش مهمی از تکنولوژی بذر محسوب می‌شود که هدف آن تهیه بذر با کیفیت بالا است. در سال‏های اخیر در ایران نیز جهت ارتقای ارزش زراعی بذر چغندرقند از افزایش اندازه بذر و پوشش‌دهی آن با حشره‌کش‌های خاص استفاده می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیر نحوه بوجاری بذر و سموم حشره‌کش مورداستفاده برای پوشش‌دهی روی ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر در آزمایشگاه و بنیه بذر در گلخانه (در منطقه کرج) و استقرار بوته در مزرعه و عملکرد محصول (در دو منطقه کرج و کرمانشاه) به‎صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (آزمایشگاه و گلخانه) و بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی (مزرعه) با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1397-1396 اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل روش‎ فرآوری دارای دو سطح بوجاری معمولی (a1) و بوجاری ویژه (a2) و عامل دوم شامل سم حشره‌کش مورد استفاده برای پوشش‌دهی دارای دو سطح گائوچو (b1) و کروزر 350 (b2) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر فرآوری بذر بر بنیه بذر و طول ریشه­چه چغندرقند در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود که در این راستا بیشترین میزان بنیه بذر و طول ریشه­چه مربوط به فرآوری ویژه بذر بود. اثر متقابل مکان و نمونه­برداری در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر میزان استقرار بوته معنی­دار بود. بنابراین، می­توان گفت نحوه بوجاری بذر موجب بهبود خصوصیات مربوط به جوانه‌زنی و استقرار بوته‌های چغندرقند می‌شود. در نهایت، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که تغییر نحوه بوجاری بذر از شکل معمولی به شکل ویژه، موجب شد تا میزان استقرار گیاه‌چه‌ها در شرایط گلخانه افزایش یابد اما، تأثیری در بهبود میزان جوانه‌زنی بذر در شرایط آزمایشگاهی نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sugar beet seed processing methods on germination and seedling establishment in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • A.R. Safari 1
  • S. Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 2
  • M. Mobaleghi 3
  • A. jalilian 4
1 PhD student of Department of Agronomy, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute(SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant professor of Department of Agronomy, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.
4 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Seed processing is an important part of seed technology that aims to provide high-quality seeds. In recent years, various methods have been used in Iran to improve the agronomic value of sugar beet seeds, via increasing the seed size and seed coating seed with special insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of seed processing and insecticides used for coating on the characteristics of seed germination in the laboratory, seed vigor in the greenhouse (in Karaj), and plant establishment and crop yield in the field (in Karaj and Kermanshah), which was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design (for the laboratory and greenhouse) and randomized complete block design (in the field) with four replications in 2017-18. The first factor was the processing method at two levels of conventional (a1) and special (a2), and the second factor was the insecticide used for coating at two levels of Gaucho (b1) and Cruiser-350 (b2). Results showed that the effect of seed processing method on seed vigor and radicle length was significant (P < 0.01), so that the highest seed vigor and radicle length were obtained in special processing. The location × sampling interaction had significant (P < 0.01) effect on plant establishment. Therefore,  it can be deduced that the seed processing method improves the characteristics related to seed germination and plant establishment. Finally, the results of the present study showed that changing the processing method from conventional to special increased seedling establishment under the greenhouse condition, however it did not have any effect on improving seed germination rate under the laboratory condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Insecticide
  • Seed processing
  • Seed size
  • Sugar beet

مراجع

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چغندرقند
دوره 38، شماره 1
شهریور 1401
صفحه 83-93

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