تنظیم اسمزی چغندرقند در شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات علمی کشاورزی حمس، سوریه

2 GCSAR، واحد تحقیقات ذرت، دمشق، سوریه

3 استاد گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه البعث، حمص، سوریه

4 GCSAR، واحد تحقیقات چغندرقند، دوما، دمشق، سوریه

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دیرالزور وابسته به کمیسیون عالی تحقیقات علمی کشاورزی (GCSAR) سوریه در فصول زراعی سال‎های 2010-2009 انجام گرفت و طی آن، نقش Na+، K+، Na+/K+، تجمع کربوهیدرات‌ها در برگ‌ها و عیار قند  در تنظیم اسمزی در شرایط تنش شوری در 10 ژنوتیپ چغندرقند (پنج ژنوتیپ منوژرم و پنج ژنوتیپ مولتی‌ژرم) بررسی شد. بوته‌های چغندرقند با آب شور که هدایت الکتریکی آن در سال اول 6/8-10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و در سال دوم 4/8-4/10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود، آبیاری شدند. آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث افزایش مقدار Na+ برگ‌ها و ریشه‌های تمام ژنوتیپ‌ها شد اما مقدار افزایش آن در برگ‌ها بیش از ریشه‌ها بود. مقدار K+ در برگ‌ها و ریشه‌های تمام ژنوتیپ‌ها کاهش یافت اما میزان این کاهش در ریشه‌ها کمتر از برگ‌ها بود که احتمالاً به خاطر جایگزینی Na+ با K+ در این شرایط بود. بااین‌حال، در شرایط تنش شوری غلظت مواد محلول‌ غیرآلی (Na+ و K+) در برگ‌ها بیشتر از ریشه‌ها بود. ژنوتیپ کاویمرا (مولتی‌ژرم) به خاطر مقدار بالای Na+ در برگ‌ها و ریشه‌هایش به عنوان متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ شناسایی شد درحالی‌که حساس‌ترین ژنوتیپ تیگریس (مولتی‌ژرم) بود که کمترین تجمع Na+ در برگ‌ها و ریشه‌ها را داشت. به طور کلی، تجمع قندهای محلول در برگ‌ها در ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل نسبت به ژنوتیپ‌های غیرمتحمل بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد بین عیار قند ریشه‌ها و تنش شوری همبستگی وجود ندارد. آنالیز همبستگی نشان داد که مقدار Na+ و سپس قندهای محلول مهم‎ترین مواد برای تنظیم پتانسیل اسمزی برگ‌های چغندرقند در شرایط تنش شوری بودند. علاوه بر این، می‎توان مقدار ساکارز و مقدار Na+ ریشه‌های چغندرقند را اصلی‎ترین مواد محلول‌ برای تنظیم پتانسیل اسمزی دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Osmotic Adjustment in Sugar Beet Plant under Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fadi Abbas 1
  • A. Mohanna 2
  • Gh. Al-Lahham 3
  • Entessar AL-Jbawi 4
1 Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs. Syria
2 Professor of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.
3 GCSAR. Maize Research Department. Damascus, Syria.
4 GCSAR. Sugar Beet Research Department, Douma, Damascus, Syria.
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Der Ez Zour Agricultural Research Center, during 2009- 2010 growing seasons. The role of Na+, K+, Na+/K+, carbohydrates accumulation of leaves, and sugar content of roots on the osmotic adjustment was studied in 10 sugar beet genotypes (five were monogerms and five were multigerms), under salinity stress. Sugar beet plants were irrigated with saline water, with the electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 8.6-10 dS.m-1 in the first year and 8.4-10.4 dS.m-1 in the second year. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. The results showed that Na+ content in leaves and roots of all genotypes was increased in salinity stress, but the increment in leaves was higher than in roots. K+ contents in leaves and roots were decreased in all genotypes, but this reduction was lower in roots as compared with leaves. This may be due to the substitution of Na+ with K+ in such condition. However, under salinity stress concentrations of inorganic solutes (Na+, and K+) in leaves was higher than those in roots. Kawimera (multigerm) was considered the most tolerant genotype because of high Na+ content in its leaves and roots, whereas the most sensitive genotype was Tigris (multigerm), which had the lowest content of Na+ in leaves and roots. Generally, the accumulation of soluble sugars in leaves was higher in tolerant genotypes as compared with non-tolerant ones. The results exhibited no correlation between sugar content in roots and salinity stress. Correlation analysis showed Na+ content followed by soluble sugars as the main solutes for osmotic adjustment in sugar beet leaves under salinity conditions. Moreover, both sucrose and Na+ contents in beet root could be considered the main solutes for osmotic adjustment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • genotypes
  • osmotic adjustment
  • Salinity stress
  • sugar beet

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