تأثیر پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد گیاه‌چه چغندرقند (Vulgaris Beta L.) تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکترای زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استاد گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد گیاه چه چغندرقند تحت تنش شوری پژوهشی در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال 1395 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور اول چهار سطح شوری شامل شوری صفر، 5، 10 و 15 دسی­زیمنس بر متر حاصل از کلرید سدیم و فاکتور دوم تیمارهای پرایمینگ شامل ­آب مغناطیسی­، اسید سالسیلیک، کلرید کلسیم ((CaCl2 و کلرید سدیم((NaCl و عدم پرایمینگ (شاهد) به مدت هشت ساعت بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد اثر سطوح شوری بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی به غیر از شاخص جوانه‌زنی و یکنواختی سبز شدن در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود. اثر پرایمینگ بذر نیز بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود. همچنین اثر متقابل دو تیمار بر شاخص جوانه‌زنی و طول گیاه­چه در سطح احتمال یک درصد و طول ساقه­چه در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی­دار شد. نتایج نشان داد سطح 15دسی­زیمنس بر متر شوری درصد نهایی جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه، وزن خشک ریشه‌چه، وزن خشک ساقه­چه، وزن خشک گیاه­چه، شاخص بنیه گیاه­چه، سرعت سبز شدن، درصد سبز شدن نهایی و ضریب سرعت سبز شدن را در مقایسه با سطح شاهد به ترتیب 8/89، 33/33، 51/35، 46/41، 44/44، 48/75، 25/23، 13/05 و 49/05 درصد کاهش و متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی را 56/49 درصد افزایش داد. درحالیکه پرایمینگ با کلرید سدیم ((NaCl, 1g/100ccدرصد نهایی جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه، وزن خشک ریشه‌چه، وزن خشک ساقه چه، وزن خشک گیاه چه، شاخص بنیه گیاه­چه، سرعت سبز شدن، یکنواختی سبز شدن، درصد سبز شدن نهایی و ضریب سرعت سبز شدن را در مقایسه با تیمار عدم پرایمینگ 14/55، 9/95، 84/21، 27/77، 22/72، 58/94، 26/23، 17/32، 10/07 و 9/09 درصد افزایش یا کاهش داد و متوسط جوانه­زنی را 13/14 درصد کاهش داد. بیشترین شاخص جوانه زنی، طول ساقه­چه و طول گیاه­چه و کمترین متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی در سطح صفر شوری و پرایمینگ با کلرید سدیم به دست آمد. همچنین پرایمینگ با کلرید سدیم در دیگر سطوح شوری توانست اثر تنش شوری را بر شاخص‌های مذکور تعدیل نماید و به عنوان بهترین تیمار پرایمینگ شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed priming on sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) seedlings growth under salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Pedram 1
  • M. Tajbakhsh 2
  • dariush taleghani 3
  • M. Ghiyasi 4
1 Graduated Ph.D. in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Assistant professor of Department of Sugar Beet Research, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of seed priming on and the growth of sugar beet seedling under stress condition, an experiment was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University in 2017. Experimental units were arranged in factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was four salinity levels (0 as control), 5, 10, and 15dS/m of sodium chloride and the second factor was priming treatments including magnetic water, salicylic acid, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride for 8 h and non-priming (control). The effect of salinity levels on all studied traits was significant (p < /em> < 0.01) except for the seedling germination. The effect of seed priming on all the studied traits was significant (p < /em> < 0.01). Furthermore the interaction of the two treatments on germination index and seedling length was significant (p < /em> < 0.01) as well as for shoot length (p < /em> < 0.05). Results showed that 15 dS/m salinity level reduced final germination percentage, radicle length, radicle dry weight, shoot dry weight, seedling weight, seedling vigor index, speed of emergence, uniformity of emergence, percent of seed emergence, and speed of emergence-coefficient by 8.89, 33.33, 51.35, 46.41, 44.44,25.23, 12.39, 13.05, and 49.05% and increased mean time to germination by 56.46% compared with control, while priming with NaCl significantly increased final germination percentage, radicle length, radicle dry weight, shoot dry weight, seedling weight, and seedling vigor index by 14.55, 9.95, 84.21, 27.77, 22.72, 58.94, 26.23, 17.32, 10.07 and 9.09%  and reduced mean time to germination by 13.14%. The highest germination index, stem length, and seedling length and also the lowest mean time to germination were obtained at zero salinity level and priming with sodium chloride. In addition, priming with sodium chloride at other salinity levels was able to moderate the effect of salinity stress on these indices and was recognized as the best priming treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination
  • Germination index
  • Salicylic acid
  • Sodium chloride

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چغندرقند
دوره 35، شماره 1
شهریور 1398
صفحه 45-62

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