ارزیابی کارگاهی سامانه کنترلی مدیریت موضعی کوددهی محصولات ردیفی (مطالعه موردی: چغندرقند)

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فنی و ماشینهای کشاورزی مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 دانشیار مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره)، کرج، ایران.

10.22092/jsb.2025.366935.1369

چکیده

کودهای شیمیایی با بیش از 40 هزار تن مصرف سالیانه در مزارع چغندر قند کشور (سطح 117 هزار هکتار) بیشترین سهم مصرف انرژی در تولید این محصول را دارند. مصرف آن‌ها در اکثر مواقع به صورت بی‌رویه و بدون مطالعه بوده که این موضوع سبب بروز مشکلاتی از قبیل افزایش آلودگی، افزایش هزینه و انرژی مصرفی و کاهش کمّیت و کیفیت محصول می‌گردد. وجود تغییر‌پذیری در حاصلخیزی مزارع، امکان افزایش بهره‌وری با مدیریت موضعی محصولات را فراهم نموده‌است. یکی از روش‌های اقتصادی و کاربردی در تبدیل ماشین‌های کوددهی رایج (نوع نرخ یکنواخت) به انواع نرخ‌متغیر، ساختن و نصب‌کردن سامانه‌های کنترلی روی آن‌ها می‌باشد. قبل از ارزیابی دقت کلی ماشین نرخ‌متغیر در مزرعه، لازم است دقت سامانه کنترلی آن ارزیابی شود. خطای کوددهی و زمان تاخیر دو مولفه اصلی در تعیین دقت سامانه کنترلی می‌باشند. از این رو در این مطالعه، سامانه کنترلی ساخته‌شد و پس از نصب روی ماشین کودکار، دقت آن در کارگاه ارزیابی گردید. عامل کنترلی در این سامانه، موقعیت دریچه موزع بود. اثر تغییر نرخ کوددهی (در فواصل 100، 150، 200 و 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در محدوده سرعت مناسب در مزرعه چغندرقند (در سه سطح 3/5، 5/75 و 8 کیلومتر در ساعت) در دوحالت کاهش و افزایش نرخ کوددهی در زمان تاخیر سامانه بررسی شد. نتایج آزمون اثر معنی دار (در سطح یک درصد) عوامل مقدار و جهت (کاهشی یا افزایشی) تغییر نرخ کوددهی و اثر متقابل آنها در زمان تاخیر سامانه را نشان داد. همچنین اثر سرعت پیشروی دستگاه (در سه سطح 3/5، 5/75 و 8 کیلومتر در ساعت) و نرخ کوددهی (در شش سطح 80، 100، 150، 200، 250 و 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار در محدوده کاری کودکار) در مقدار خطای کوددهی سامانه ارزیابی شد. متوسط خطای کلی سامانه کوددهی 8/01 درصد تعیین شد که این مقدار بیانگر دقت مناسب سامانه کنترلی برای نصب روی کودکارهای نرخ یکنواخت (رایج) و تبدیل آنها به انواع نرخ متغیر در کوددهی محصولات ردیفی (از جمله چغندرقند) می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Workshop Evaluation of a Control System for Site Specific Row Crops Fertilizing Management (Case Study: Sugar Beet)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Sedaghat Hosseini 1
  • Ahmad Sadeghi 2
  • Mohammad Younesi Alamooti 3
1 1. Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 2. Agricultural Education and Extension Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Faculty member of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
چکیده [English]

More than 40,000 tons of fertilizers are used annually in 117,000 hectares of sugar beet farms in Iran. Using fertilizers without field soil testing has caused problems such as increased pollution, increased cost and energy consumption, and reduced crops quantity and quality. Variability in the fertility of farms has made it possible to increase farms productivity with site specific crops management. One of the economic and practical ways to convert uniform fertilizing machines to variable rate types is to build and put control systems on them. It is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the control system, before investigating its overall accuracy in the farm. Fertilizing error and delay time are two main components in determining the accuracy of the control system. Therefore, in this study, a control system was developed and installed on the machine and its accuracy was evaluated in the workshop. Fertilizing rate in the system was controlled by changing the position of the fertilizer distributor gate. The effect of the fertilizing rate (at intervals of 100, 150, 200 and 250 Kg.ha-1) and in the machine traveling speed (at three levels of 3.5, 5.75 and 8 Km.h-1) in two steps of decreasing and increasing of the fertilizing rate changes was evaluated on delay time system. The results showed a significant effect (p<0.01) of the amount and direction (decrease or increase) of the change in fertilizing rate and their mutual effect on the system delay time. Also, the effect of machine traveling speed (at three levels of 3.5, 5.75 and 8 Km.h-1) and fertilizing rate (at six levels of 80, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 350 Kg.ha-1) on fertilizing error of the system was evaluated. The test results showed that the effect of fertilizing rate on fertilizing error was significant (p<0.01). The average overall error of the fertilizing control system was determined as 8.01%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Precision Agriculture
  • Site Specific Crops Management
  • Sugar Beet Fertilizing
  • Agricultural Mechanization

مراجع

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چغندرقند
دوره 40، شماره 1
شهریور 1403
صفحه 93-108

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