بررسی تحمل برخی از ارقام چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris L.) به سس زراعی (Cuscuta campestris L.)

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 مربی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

معرفی ارقام چغندرقند با توانایی تحمل سس، یک راهکار مناسب در مدیریت این علف‌هرز انگل محسوب می‌شود و انجام تحقیقات جامع در این حوزه، از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. بر این اساس و طی یک آزمایش گلدانی و مزرعه‌ای، تحمل هشت رقم چغندرقند شامل اکباتان،SBSI061 ، آرتا، آریا، سینا، شکوفا، پایا و شریف، نسبت به سس ارزیابی شد. آزمایش گلدانی، بهار سال1400 در گلخانه بخش تحقیقات علف‌های‌هرز موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور و آزمایش مزرعه‌‎ای، بهار سال 1401 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور واقع در مشکین‌دشت استان البرز اجرا شد. از میان صفات مورد بررسی، وزن تر ریشه چغندرقند، وزن تر سس و نسبت وزن تر سس به اندام هوایی چغندرقند، نقش مهمی در تعیین تحمل یا حساسیت ارقام چغندرقند به سس داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که رقم اکباتان و شکوفا به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین کاهش این صفات را در شرایط آلوده به سس نشان دادند؛ زیرا کاهش وزن تر ریشه در رقم اکباتان، کمترین (41/5 و 14 درصد به‌ترتیب در گلخانه و مزرعه) و در رقم شکوفا، بیشترین (63/5 و 96 درصد به‌ترتیب در گلخانه و مزرعه) مقدار بود. از سوی دیگر، سس در حضور رقم اکباتان و شکوفا، به‌ترتیب دارای کمترین (41 گرم در گلدان و 16 گرم در متر مربع در مزرعه) و بیشترین (82/5 گرم در گلدان و 52/3 گرم در متر مربع در مزرعه) وزن تر بود. علاوه‌‌بر این، نسبت وزن تر سس به اندام هوایی چغندرقند، در حضور رقم اکباتان و شکوفا، به‌ترتیب کمترین (0/97 و 0/11 به‌ترتیب در گلخانه و مزرعه) و بیشترین مقدار (2/53 و 0/46 به‌ترتیب در گلخانه و مزرعه) بود. بدین ‌ترتیب، در میان ارقام بررسی‌شده، اکباتان و شکوفا به‌عنوان ارقامی به‌ترتیب با تحمل و حساسیت بیشتر نسبت به سس معرفی می‌شوند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars tolerance to dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Meighani 1
  • M.R. Karaminejad 2
  • V.A. Yousefabadi 3
1 Professor of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
2 Instructor of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
3 assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Assistant professor of Sugar Beet seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction of sugar beet cultivars with tolerance to dodder is considered an inevitable necessity in the management of this parasitic weed, and conducting comprehensive research in this area is of great importance. Therefore, the tolerance of eight sugar beet cultivars including Ekbatan, SBSI061, Arta, Aria, Sina, Shokoofa, Paya, and Sharif, was evaluated against dodder in pot and field trials. The pot trial was carried out in the spring of 2021 in the greenhouse of the weed research department and in the spring of 2022 in the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in Meshkindasht, Alborz. Among studied traits, fresh weight of sugar beet root, dodder fresh weight, and the ratio of dodder fresh weight to shoot fresh weight of sugar beet played an important role in determining the tolerance or susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to dodder. Results showed that Ekbatan and Shokoofa experienced the lowest and highest reduction of the above-mentioned traits, respectively under contamination with dodder; because the root fresh weight reduction was the lowest (41.5 and 14% in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Ekbatan and the highest (63.5 and 96% in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Shokoofa. On the other hand, in the presence of Ekbatan and Shokoofa cultivars, dodder had the lowest (41 g pot-1 and 16g m-2 in the field) and the highest (82.5g pot-1 in the pot and 52.3 g m-2 in the field). In addition, the ratio of fresh weight of dodder to shoot of sugar beet was the lowest (0.97 and 0.11 in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Ekbatan and the highest (2.53 and 0.46 in greenhouse and field, respectively) in Shokoofa, respectively. Therefore, among studied cultivars, Ekbatan and Shokoofa are introduced as cultivars with greater tolerance and susceptibility to dodder, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivar
  • Dodder tolerance
  • Parasitic Weed
  • Sugar beet
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