بررسی تغییرات اقتصادی الگوی کشت ناشی از تغییرات سطح زیرکشت چغندرقند (مطالعه موردی: دشت قزوین)

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای دانشگاه تهران، واحد پیام نور و محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره) قزوین

3 دانشجوی دکترای اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل

4 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت صنعتی دانشگاه بین الملل امام خمینی (ره) قزوین

چکیده

چغندرقند یکی از محصولات در تناوب زراعی دشت قزوین می­باشد که پس از گندم، جو و ذرت بیشترین سطح زیرکشت را به خود اختصاص داده است. طی سال­های اخیر، محدودیت منابع آب سبب کاهش سطح زیرکشت چغندرقند در این دشت شده است. به همین منظور، در مطالعه حاضر اثرات افزایش سطح زیرکشت چغندرقند بر الگوی کشت، سود ناخالص کشاورزان و میزان مصرف نهاده­ها تحت شرایط کم­آبی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. برای اجرای این تحقیق، از مدل برنامه­ریزی ریاضی مثبت و رهیافت تابع تولید مبتنی بر نیازآبی محصولات استفاده شد. داده­های موردنیاز مربوط به سال 92-1391 بود که با تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ از 127 کشاورز نمونه جمع­آوری شد. تحلیل آماری داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS و حل مدل با استفاده از نرم­افزار GAMS صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش سطح زیرکشت گندم آبی، جو آبی و کلزا و افزایش سود ناخالص زارعین از مهم­ترین پیامدهای افزایش سطح زیرکشت چغندرقند می‌باشند. همچنین، نتایج کاهش مصرف نهاده­های آب، سرمایه و ماشین­آلات را برای مزارع بزرگ و افزایش مصرف تمامی نهاده­ها را برای مزارع کوچک و متوسط پس از ورود چغندرقند به الگوی کشت تحت شرایط کم­آبی نشان داد. در پایان، توسعه سطح زیرکشت چغندرقند با توجه به اینکه منجر به کاهش مصرف نهاده­های کود و سموم شیمیایی در الگوی کشت می­شود، به عنوان راهکاری برای کاهش آلودگی محیط­زیست در مناطق جنوبی دشت قزوین پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the economic changes of planting pattern resulted from sugar beet planting area variation (case study: Qazvin plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Parhizkari 1
  • M.M. Mozaffari 2
  • M. Hoseyni Khodadadi 3
  • R. Parhizkari 4
1 PHD Student, University of Tehran PNU, Researcher of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Qazvin and the member of the National Foundation of Elites
2 Assistant professor of Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin
3 PHD Student of University of Zabol
4 MSc of Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet is one of the major products in Qazvin plain that allocated most of planting areas to itself after wheat, barley and corn. In recent years, restriction on water resources decreased sugar beet planting area in this plain. Therefore, in this study, the effects of increase in sugar beet planting area on planting pattern, grower's gross profit, and inputs utilization under water shortage was investigated. To achieve this goal, positive mathematical programming model and products yield function based on water requirement was used. Data were collected from the questionnaires completed by 127 growers in 2012-13. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the model was solved by GAMZ software. Results showed that increase in sugar beet planting decreased wheat, barley and canola planting area and increased the grower's gross profit. It also resulted in reduction in inputs utilization such as water, capital, and machines in large fields and increase in utilization of the aforesaid inputs for small and medium fields. In conclusion, increasing sugar beet planting area which resulted in reduction in fertilizer and pesticide application is recommended as a proper solution for reducing environmental pollution in southern regions of Qazvin plain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Changes in cropping pattern
  • Positive Mathematical Programming
  • sugar beet
  • Water shortage
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