بررسی امکان کشت پاییزه چغندرقند در منطقه فسا

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهش بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس

2 کارشناس ارشد بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس

3 کارشناس ارشد موسسه تحقیقات چغندرقند

چکیده

به منظور بررسی امکان کشت پائیزه چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris L.) در مناطق مستعد استان فارس، این تحقیق به صورت آزمایش کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار از سال 1384 به مدت سه سال زراعی در منطقه فسا اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه تاریخ کاشت، پنج مهر، 25 مهر و 15 آبان در کرت اصلی، دو رقم چغندرقند مولتی‌ژرمBR1  و منوژرم رسول در کرت فرعی و سه زمان برداشت 10 اردیبهشت، پنج خرداد و 30 خرداد در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بود که با هم مقایسه گردید. درطول دوره رویش یادداشت‌برداری‌هایی شامل، شمارش تعداد بوته، بوته‌های به ساقه رفته (بولتینگ)، بوته‌های گمشده و نمره رشد انجام شد. در زمان برداشت، پس از شمارش تعداد ریشه و توزین آن‌ها، نمونه خمیر برای تعیین درصد قند، میزان نا خالصی‌ها (پتاسیم، سدیم و نیتروژن آمینه) و قند ملاس تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای تاریخ کاشت، درصد بولتینگ را به طور معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تأثیر قرار می‎دهد. تاریخ کشت پنجم مهر دارای بیشترین درصد بولتینگ (409/18درصد) و تاریخ کاشت 25 مهر و 15 آبان به ترتیب با 420/5 درصد و 870/2 درصد کمترین درصد بولتینگ را داشتند. دو رقم BR1 و رسول از نظر درصد بولتینگ، عملکرد ریشه، درصد قند و عملکرد شکر سفید تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان ندادند. بیشترین درصد بولتینگ معادل 96/9 درصد مربوط به برداشت 30 خرداد، بود. بیشترین عملکرد ریشه و شکر سفید به ترتیب 486/58 و 36/5 تن در هکتار مربوط به تاریخ کاشت پنجم مهر و برداشت 30 خرداد بود. با توجه به افزایش عملکرد در تاریخ کاشت پنجم مهر و برداشت 30 خرداد استفاده از ارقام مقاوم به ساقه‌روی برای بهبود کمیت و کیفیت بیشتر محصول توصیه می‎شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of autumn sowing of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ) in Fasa area

نویسندگان [English]

  • G. R. Ashraf Mansoori 1
  • M. Sharifi 2
  • F. Hamdi 3
1 Instructor of sugar beet research department Fars, Iran
2 Instructor of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Fars, Iran
3 Master Expert of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to determine the optimum sowing and harvesting dates of two autumn sugar beet cultivars (Bete vulgaris L.) and develop the planting area of this crop, the present research was conducted in Fasa, Iran during 2005-2008. The experiment was carried out in split-split plots based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Three sowing dates (September 27, October 17 and November 6) were assigned to main plots, two commercial sugar beet cultivars (BR1 and Rasoul) to sub- plots and three harvesting dates (April 30, May 26 and June 20) to sub-sub plots. During the growing period, parameters such as number of plants, lost plants, growth rate and bolting percentage were determined. The root yield was measured by harvesting the roots from the two middle rows of plots. Characteristics such as root yield, sugar content, impurities (K, Na and α-amino nitrogen) and white sugar percentage, purity of raw extract, alkalinity and molasses sugar were measured. Results showed that bolting percentages of sowing dates were significantly different at 1% level of probability. The highest bolting percentage (18.409%) was obtained from September 27 sowing date. Sowing dates (September 27 and November 6) had the lowest bolting percentage (5.420% and 2.870%, respectively). The bolting percentage, root yield, sugar content, impurities, and purity of raw extract, alkalinity, molasses sugar and white sugar yield of the cultivars were not significant. The maximum bolting percentage obtained from the harvesting date (June 20) was 9.964%. Maximum root yield and white sugar yield was obtained from the sowing date (September 27) and harvesting date (June 20) which were 58.486 and 5.360 tha-1, respectively. With respect to the increased yield due to planting date of September 27 and harvesting date of June 20, use of bolting tolerant cultivars to ensure higher quality  and yield I recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autumn sowing
  • Bolting
  • Commercial Cultivars
  • Sowing and harvesting date
  • sugar beet

مراجع

Abshahi A. Investigation of sugar beet. Dezful irrigation project. Agricultural Research Center Safiabad of Dezful. 1972. pp 23. (in Persian)
Ahmadi M, Taleghani F, Maleki M. Investigation of potential of commercial sugar beet varieties for fall planting in Khorasan Provience. 26th seminar of sugar beet factories in Mashhad-Iran.2005. (in Persian)
Alexander JT. Factors affecting quality. In. Johnson, R.T. Alexander, J. T., G. E. Rush and Hawkes, G. R. (Eds.). Advances in sugar beet production: Principals and practices in sugar beet, Iowa, State Univ. Press. Iowa. U.S.A. 1979; Pp. 80-92.
Ashrafmansoori GhR. Comparisons of qualitative and qualitative characteristics of domestic and foreign varieties of autumn sugar beet in Fasa. Proceeding of the 9th Crop Production and Plant Breeding Congress, Aug 27-29, Tehran, Iran. Aboureyhan Campus University of Tehran.2006. (in Persian)
Ashrafmansoori GhR. The effect of growth period and stage on quality and quantity of autumn sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) in Fasa. Research project final report No. 89/443 .Fars Research Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources Publications.1997. pp 36 (in Persian)
Carter JN, Traveller DJ. Effect of time and amount of nitrogen uptake sugar beet growth and yield. Agron. J.1981; 73: 665 – 671.
Cook DA, Scott RK. The Sugar Beet Crop: Science in to Practice. In Persian by Faculty Members of SBSI. Karaj. Iran. 1998. 731p
Drycott AP. Sugar beet. 474 p.
Gohari J. Effect of panting and harvesting time on quality and quantity of sugar beet in Moghan. Journal of Scientific-Technical Sugar beet. 1991. Vol. 8. pp15. (in Persian)
Halvorson A, Hartman GP. Response of several sugar beet cultivars to N fertilization yield and crown tissue production. Agron. J. 1980; 72: 665-669.
Hossain poor M. Effect of nitrogen management of irrigation water and period growth during on water and light use efficiency in winter sugar beet. Phd thesis, Tarbiat Modares Compose. 2007. (in Persian)
Ivanek V, Martinic M. Effect of harvesting date on the yield of roots and sugar of sown and trans planted sugar beet cultivars. Poljoprivredna Znastvena smotra 1989; 54(3-4): 167-178.
Jaggard KW, Werker AR. An evaluation of potential benefits and costs of autumn-sown sugar beet in NW Europe. J. of Agric. Sc. 1998,132:91-102.
Johnson RT, Alexander JT, Rush GE. Advance in sugar beet production: Principles and practices. Towa state uni. Press. Ames.1971; Pp: 3-15.
Joseph G, Lauer JG. Sugar beet performance and interactions with planting date, genotype, and harvest date. Agron. J.1997; 89: 469-475.
Koocheki A, Soltani A. The sugar beet crop. Press Mashhad University Jihad. 1997. pp 200. (in Persian)
Koocheki A. Agriculture in arid regions. Press Mashhad University Jihad. 1997. Vol. 2. pp 202. (in Persian)
Koulivand M.The sugar beet crop. Press and Cultural department of Shahid Beheshti University Jihad.1988. pp 246. (in Persian)
Lee GS, Dunn G, Schmehl WR. Effect of date of planting and nitrogen fertilization on growth components of sugar beet. J. A. Soc. Sugar Beet Tech.1987; 24: 80-100.
Lexander K. Characters related to the vernalization requirement in sugar beet. In: J.C.Atherton (Ed). Manipulation flowering1987: 147-158. Butterworths, London.
Moharamzadeh M. Evaluation of sugar beet lines and hybrids for resistance to bolting. Final report .Sugar beet Seed Institute. 2008. (in Persian)
Nelson JM. Influence of planting Date. Nitrogen rate, and Harvest Date on yield and sucrose concentration of fall planted sugar beet in central Arizona. J. A. S. S. B. T.1978.
Orazizadeh MR. Determination of the most appropriate sowing date of seed of three monogerm cultivars of sugar beet for obtains the best plant density per hectar. Final report No. 7934 .Agricultural research center Safiabad of Dezful. 1997. (in Persian)
Sadeghian Motahar Y. Bolting, undesirable phenomenon in sugar beet. Promotional publication. Dissemination of agricultural education. 1999. No. 12. (in Persian)
Sharifi H, Orazizadeh MR, Gohari J. Possible investigation of autumn sugar beet cultivation in Izeh region. Final report of research project in Agricultural Research Center Safiabad of Dezfool. No. 9797. 1996. (in Persian)
Sharifi H, Orazizadeh MR. Investigation early varieties of sugar beet in Dezful. Final report of research project in Agricultural Research Center Safiabad of Dezful. No. 12178. 1996. pp 28. (in Persian)
Sharifi H. Effect of planting and harvesting time on the newly introduced varieties of sugar beet. Final report of research project in Agricultural Research Center Safiabad of Dezful. No. 87/45. 2002. (in Persian)
Sharifi H. Effect of planting date and different amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season on the quality and quantity of winter sugar beet in Dezful. Final report of research project in Agricultural Research Center Safiabad of Dezful. No. 82/480. 1997. (in Persian)
Sharifi H. Final report of the research project in Agricultural research center Safiabad of Dezful.1989. pp 58. (in Persian)
Shishegar M. Studies on suagr beet planting in Safiabad of Dezfool. Dez irrigation project. Agricultural Research Center Safiabad. 1972. pp 15. (in Persian)

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار