بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی انرژی چغندرکاران ایران

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، بابل، ایران.

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، بابل، ایران.

چکیده

چغندرقند ازجمله محصولاتی است که انرژی مکانیکی زیادی صرف کاشت، داشت و برداشت آن می‌شود. از این­رو مطالعه حاضر، با هدف ارزیابی و مقایسه کارایی انرژی در مزارع چغندرقند 12 استان در دوره زمانی 1396-1386 انجام گردید. برای این منظور از هشت مدل مختلف کارایی، در قالب روش تابع تولید مرزی تصادفی (SFA) استفاده شد. آمار و اطلاعات لازم از وزارت جهادکشاورزی، ترازنامه‌های انرژی ایران و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای جمع­آوری شد. درنهایت با لحاظ متغیرهای مختلف ازجمله نیروی‌کار، ماشین‌آلات، سم و کودشیمیایی، آب، بذر، کودحیوانی و متغیرمجازی سال، تابع کاب-داگلاس به‌عنوان تابع تولید برتر انتخاب شد. نتایج حاصل از روش پانل تصادفی مرزی نشان داد که متغیرهای ماشین‌آلات و سموم شیمیایی بیشترین اثر مثبت و معنادار را نسبت به دیگر متغیرها بر افزایش کارایی انرژی چغندرقند در استان­های منتخب دارند. پس از تخمین تابع تولید، کارایی انرژی مزارع چغندرقند 12 استان منتخب براساس هشت مدل مختلف، با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند که استان‌های آذربایجان‌غربی، سمنان و همدان دارای بیشترین کارایی (بالای 89 درصد) بودند. میانگین کل ناکارایی انرژی 11 ساله بالغ ‌بر 20 درصد برآورد شد. درنتیجه با بهبود کارآیی انرژی تولیدکنندگان چغندرقند امکان افزایش تولید، کاهش هزینه‌ها و ارتقاء رقابت‌پذیری صنعت چغندرقند و فرآورده‌های آن در ایران وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the factors affecting the energy efficiency of sugar beet growers in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yadollah Bostan 1
  • Hamid Amirnejad 2
  • Somayeh Shirzadi Laskookalayeh 3
1 PhD student of Department of Agricultural Economics, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Babol, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Department of Agricultural Economics, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Babol, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet is one of the agricultural products that require a lot of mechanical energy for cultivation, agronomic practice, and harvest. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluation and comparison of energy efficiency in sugar beet fields in 12 provinces in the period of 2007-17. For this purpose, eight different efficiency models were used in the form of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method. The necessary statistics and information were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, the energy balance sheets, and library studies. Finally, considering various variables such as labor force, machinery, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, water, seed, manure and virtual variable of year, the Cobb Douglas function was selected as the superior production function. Results of the border random panel method showed that the variables of machinery and chemical pesticides have the greatest positive and significant effect on increasing the energy efficiency of sugar beet in the selected provinces. After estimating the production function, the energy efficiency of the sugar beet fields in 12 selected provinces were compared together based on eight different models, which showed that the West Azerbaijan, Semnan, and Hamedan provinces had the highest energy efficiency (>89%). The average total energy inefficiency for 11 years was estimated to be more than 20%. As a result, by improving the energy efficiency of sugar beet producers, it is plausible to increase production and reduce costs, and also improve the competitiveness of the sugar beet industry and its products in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cobb-Douglas production function
  • Fixed and variable efficiency
  • Inefficiency
  • Production management
  • Stochastic frontier panel

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چغندرقند
دوره 38، شماره 1
شهریور 1401
صفحه 123-136

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