ارزیابی عوامل محدودکننده‌ی عملکرد چغندرقند بهاره در کشور با استفاده از روش CPA

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه زراعت، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرقدس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تعیین عوامل محدودکننده‌ی عملکرد و تعیین سطح بهینه عامل محدودکننده برای کاهش فاصله بین عملکرد واقعی و قابل‌دستیابی در افزایش عملکرد محصولات زراعی نقش مهمی دارد. این مطالعه با استفاده از روش تحلیل مقایسه کارکرد Comparative Performance Analysis, CPA) با هدف تعیین عوامل محدودکننده‌ی اجزای عملکرد چغندرقند (شامل عملکردریشه و عیارقند) و تعیین سهم نسبی این عوامل در سال 1399 انجام شده ‌است. این مطالعه از طریق تکمیل پرسش‌نامه در سطح 220 مزرعه چغندرقند بهاره در کل کشور اجرا شد. همه داده‌های گردآوری شده پس از ثبت با استفاده از روش رگرسیون گام به گام و روش (CPA) به‌طور جداگانه برای دو صفت عملکردریشه و عیارقند مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. بر اساس مدل‌های تولیدی منتج از این مطالعه، خلاء عملکرد ریشه معادل81/98 تن در هکتار (یا 57/2 درصد) و خلاء عیارقند معادل 4/88 واحد (یا 21/7 درصد) برآورد شد. در این میان، دو عامل فیزیوگرافیکی شامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا و طول‌جغرافیایی به‌ترتیب 14/1 و 30/1 درصد از خلاء عملکردریشه و عیارقند و یک عامل اجتماعی (میزان تحصیلات کشاورز) حدود 11/9 درصد از خلاء عیارقند را به خود اختصاص داد. در میان عوامل مربوط به مدیریت زراعی مؤثر بر خلاء عملکردریشه، 8/85 درصد به عواملی نظیر میزان مصرف بذر، تراکم نهایی بوته، روش آبیاری، تاریخ کاشت، پراکندگی بوته، تسطیح زمین، مدت ماندن ریشه در مزرعه، تنش خشکی و مقدار نیتروژن پایه به‌ترتیب با سهمی معادل 24/7، 11/3، 10/3، 9/8، 9/7، 8/8، 5/2، 4/1 و 1/9 درصد از مجموع خلاء عملکردریشه (81/98 تن در هکتار) را تبیین می‌کند و 14/2 درصد مربوط به عوامل دیگر بود. در ارتباط با خلاء عیارقند نیز عوامل مدیریتی شامل تعداد آبیاری، تاریخ قطع آبیاری، میزان کربن‌آلی موجود در خاک و میزان خسارت بیماری‌ها به‌ترتیب 24، 19، 10/3 و 4/6 درصد و در مجموع 57/9 درصد از 21/7 درصد از خلاء عیار قند (4/88 واحد) را تبیین می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of factors limiting spring-sown sugar beet yield in Iran using the CPA method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Hesadi 1
  • hamid mozafari 2
  • Saeed Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 3
  • payam moaveni 4
  • Behzad Sani 4
1 Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran
4 Assistant professor
چکیده [English]

Determining the yield limiting factors as well as the optimal level of the limiting factor to reduce the gap between actual and attainable yield plays an important role in increasing the yield of crops. This study was conducted using the Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) method with the aim of determining the limiting factors of sugar beet yield components (including root yield and sugar content) and also their relative contribution in 2020-2021. This study was carried out by completing the questionnaire in 220 Spring sugar beet fields in the whole country. All data collected were subjected to stepwise regression using CPA separately for the two traits of root yield and sugar content. Based on the models derived from this study, the root yield and sugar content gap was estimated at 81.98 t/ha (57.2%) and 4.88 units (21.7%), respectively. Meanwhile, two physiographic factors including elevation above sea level and geographical longitude accounted for 14.1 and 30.1% of the gap in root yield and sugar content, respectively and a social factor of the farmer’s education level accounted for about 11.9% of the gap in sugar content. Among the factors related to agronomic management that affect root yield gap, 85.8% re related to factors such as the seeding rate, final plant density, irrigation method, sowing date, plant distribution, land leveling, root retention at the field, drought stress, and base nitrogen content with a share equal to 24.7, 11.3, 10.3, 9.8, 8.8, 5.2, 4.1, and 1.9% of the total root yield gap (81.98 t/ha) and 14.2% was related to other factors. Regarding the sugar content gap, the management factors including irrigation frequency, cutting off irrigation date, the amount of organic carbon in the soil, and the disease damage accounted for 24.0, 19.0, 10.3, and 4.6% of the gap (4.88 units), respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Actual yield
  • Attainable yield
  • CPA method
  • Farm manage
  • Yield gap

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دوره 38، شماره 2
مهر 1401
صفحه 145-168

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