تاثیر نوع و غلظت‌ مویان بر کارایی علف کش اختصاصی چغندرقند (بتانال پروگرس اُ.اِف.)

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار علوم علف‌های هرز، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی رشته زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی،، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

در آزمایشی، تأثیر افزودن شش غلظت (صفر، 1/0، 15/0، 2/0، 3/0 و 4/0 درصدحجمی) از سه نوع مویان (غیریونیِ سیتووت، کاتیونیِ فریگیت و آنیونیِ دی­اُکتیل) به محلول­های پاشش حاوی شش دُز (صفر، 375/51، 75/102، 5/205، 411، 822 گرم ماده مؤثره در هکتار) از فن مدیفام + دسمدیفام + اتوفومیسیت (بتانال پروگرس اُ.اِف.) علیه دم­روباهی سبز بررسی شد. هم‌چنین، ویژگی­های فیزیکی محلول­های پاشش مزبور و قطرک 5 میکرولیتری از آنها روی سطح‌برگ این گیاه بررسی شد تا مکانیسم عمل مویان­ها مشخص شود. غلظت میسل بحرانی مویان­های سیتووت، فریگیت و دی­اُکتیل به‌ترتیب در مقادیر 2/0، 2/0 و 1/0 درصدحجمی با کشش سطحی برابر 5/31، 1/38 و 5/32 میلی­نیون بر متر تشخیص داده شد. افزودن مویان­ها به محلول پاشش سبب کاهش زاویه تماس قطرک با سطح‌برگ، افزایش مساحت خیس شده برگ با قطرک، کاهش مدت‌زمان تبخیر قطرک از سطح‌برگ، کاهش اندازه قطرات پاشش، افزایش مساحت خیس شده کاغذحساس به رطوبت با محلول‌پاشش و افزایش کارایی علف­کش علیه دم­روباهی سبز شد که تماماً وابسته به غلظت مویان­ها بود. عملکرد مویان­ها به‌صورت دی­اُکتیل > سیتووت > فریگیت رتبه­بندی شد. غلظت­های بالاتر از 2/0 و 15/0 درصدحجمی از مویان­های سیتووت و دی­اُکتیل تاثیری در بهبود کارایی علف­کش نداشت؛ لذا، نتیجه کاربرد غلظت­های بالاتر فقط تحمیل هزینه مویان اضافی است. در مورد مویان فریگیت، غلظت­های بالاتر از 15/0 درصدحجمی سبب کاهش کارایی علف­کش شد؛ لذا، نتیجه کاربرد غلظت­های بالاتر نه تنها اتلاف هزینه مویان اضافی، بلکه هزینه خسارت علف­های هرز به عملکرد چغندرقند به واسطه کاهش کارایی علف­کش نیز هست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of surfactant type and its concentration on the efficacy of the selective herbicide of sugar beet (Betanal Progress O.F.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Aliverdi 1
  • M. Malmir 2
1 Associate professor in Weed Science, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Bachelor’s Degree in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the effect of adding six concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% v/v) of three surfactant types (non-ionic surfactant Citoweet®, cationic surfactant Frigate®, and anionic surfactant Dioctyl®) to the spray solutions containing six doses (0, 51.375, 102,75, 205.5, 411, and 822 g a.i. ha-1) of phenmedipham + desmedipham + etofumisate (Betanal Progress® O.F.) against Alopecurus myosuroides was evaluated. Moreover, the physical properties of these spray solutions and a 5 μl-droplet of them on the leaf surface of A. myosuroide were evaluated to determine the mechanism of surfactants activity. The critical micelle concentration of Citoweet®, Frigate®, and Dioctyl® surfactants was detected at 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1% v/v with a surface tension of 31.5, 38.1, and 32.5 mN m-1, respectively. Adding the surfactants to spray solution reduced the contact angle of the droplet with the leaf surface, increased the wetted area of the leaf, decreased the evaporation time of the droplet from the leaf surface, decreased the spray droplet size, increased the wetted area of moisture sensitive paper with spraying and increased the efficacy of Betanal Progress® O.F. against A. myosuroide, which all depended on the concentration of surfactants. The performance of surfactants ranked as Dioctyl® > Citoweet® > Frigate®. The concentrations above 0.2% v/v for Citoweet® and 0.15% v/v for Dioctyl® had no effect in improving herbicide efficacy; therefore, the application of higher concentrations was just a waste of extra surfactant. In the case of Frigate®, the concentrations above 0.15% v/v reduced herbicide efficacy; therefore, the application of higher concentrations is not only a waste of extra surfactant but also impose weed damage to sugar beet yield due to a reduced herbicide efficacy. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Droplet contact area
  • Droplet contact angle
  • Droplet evaporation time
  • Surface tension
  • Sugar beet

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چغندرقند
دوره 38، شماره 1
شهریور 1401
صفحه 109-122

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