شناسایی مناطق مستعد کشت‌پاییزه چغندرقند در استان‌های لرستان و ایلام بر اساس دما و بارش

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای آب و هواشناسی کشاورزی، پردیس بین‌الملل کیش دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران.

2 استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

از آن‌جایی که مهم‌ترین پارامترهای اقلیمی مؤثر بر کشت چغندرقند پاییزه دما و بارش است، جهت بررسی آگروکلیمایی کشت چغندرقند از آمار دماهای روزانه ایستگاه‌های منتخب با طول دوره آماری 16 ساله (1384-1399) و داده‌های بارش سالانه برای محاسبه و تحلیل‌های آگروکلیمایی استفاده شد. به این منظور از روش‌های ارزیابی پتانسیل گرمایی، انحراف از شرایط بهینه، شاخص درجه روزهای فعال (GDD) استفاده گردیده است. ارزیابی پتانسیل گرمایی بر اساس آستانه 5 و 10 درجه سانتی‌گراد در سطح ایستگاه‌های استان لرستان نشان داد ایستگاه پلدختر و کوهدشت دارای بیشترین واحد حرارتی تجمعی، و ایستگاه ازنا دارای کمترین واحد حرارتی تجمعی بودند. در استان ایلام ایستگاه دهلران و مهران دارای بیشترین واحد حرارتی تجمعی و ایستگاه ایوان کمترین واحد حرارتی تجمعی را داشتند، بر اساس تحلیل انحراف از شرایط بهینه در استان لرستان ایستگاه پلدختر دارای کمترین انحراف از شرایط بهینه به میزان (27/73-) بود و در استان ایلام ایستگاه دهلران (29/17-) دارای کمترین انحراف از شرایط بهینه بود. تاریخ کاشت در ایستگاه‌ها بر اساس دمای پاییزه در نظر گرفته شد. هم‌چنین نتایج شاخص درجه روزهای فعال نشان داد زمان مناسب برای جوانه‌زدن چغندرقند پاییزه در استان لرستان ایستگاه پلدختر تاریخ 12 مهر و در استان ایلام ایستگاه دهلران تاریخ 13 مهر بود. از نظر مناطق مناسب کاشت در استان لرستان مناطق جنوب و جنوب‌شرق در شهرستان‌های پلدختر و کوهدشت مناسب‌ترین منطقه مشخص شدند و در استان ایلام مناطق جنوب، جنوب شرقی و جنوب غربی در شهرستان‌های دهلران و مهران مناسب‌ترین مناطق بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of prone areas to autumn cultivation of sugar beet in Lorestan and Ilam provinces based on temperature and precipitation

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Azizi 1
  • H. Mazreh 2
  • D. F. Taleghani 3
1 Ph.D. student in Agricultural Meteorology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Since temperature and precipitation are the most important climatic parameters affecting the cultivation of sugar beet , daily temperature data of selected weather stations in a period of 16 years (2004-20) together with annual precipitation data were used for agro-climatic analysis. For this purpose, methods of evaluation of thermal potential, deviation from optimal conditions, and growing degree days (GDD) were used. Evaluation of thermal potential based on 5 and 10 oC thresholds in Lorestan province showed that Poldokhtar and Kuhdasht stations had the highest accumulated thermal unit, while Azna station had the lowest value. In Ilam province, Dehloran and Mehran stations had the highest accumulated thermal unit and Ivan station had the lowest value. According to the analysis of deviation from optimal conditions, Poldokhtar station in Lorestan, and Dehloran station in Ilam had the least deviation from the optimal conditions of -27.73 and -29.17, respectively. Planting date was considered based on autumn temperature in all stations. The optimum germination date based on GDD was 12 October in Poldakhtar  and 13 October in Dehloran stations. In terms of suitable cultivation areas in Lorestan, the southern and southeastern regions in Poldakhtar and Kuhdasht were identified as the most suitable regions. In Ilam province, the southern, southeastern and southwestern regions in Dehloran and Mehran were identified as the most suitable regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autumn sugar beet
  • Precipitation
  • Temperature
  • Zoning
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