بررسی عملکرد کمی و کیفی ژنوتیپ ها و توان تولید چغندر قند زمستانه در استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار دکتری ژنتیک مولکولی و مهندسی ژنتیک، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

4 محقق بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

5 دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سبزوار، دانشکده کشاورزی، سبزوار، ایران.

چکیده

توسعه کشت‌پاییزه در شمال‌شرق کشور و در مناطق‌گرم استان‌های خراسان در صورت عدم‌رعایت تاریخ کاشت مناسب با مخاطره سرمازدگی، پرنده‌خواری و به‌دلیل تنوع کم ارقام با احتمال ساقه‌روی مواجه است. کشت‌زمستانه چغندرقند به‌عنوان یک راهکار جدید برای فائق آمدن به مشکلات فوق و هم‌چنین برای صرفه‌جویی بیشتر در مصرف آب برای تولید چغندرقند در این مناطق مطرح شده است. به‌منظور مطالعه توان تولید چغندرقند زمستانه در استان خراسان‌رضوی در این تحقیق تعداد 18 ژنوتیپ چغندرقند به‌صورت کشت‌زمستانه در دو منطقه جوین و تربت‌جام در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 99- 1398مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایشات در اواسط بهمن ماه کشت گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف از نظر کلیه صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح پنج درصد وجود داشت. بالاترین عملکـردریشه به ژنـوتیپ SVZA2019-JD0402 به‌میـزان 14/62 تن در هکتار، بیشتـرین درصـد قندناخالـص به ژنوتیپ MODEX به میزان 17/87 و بالاترین درصد قندخالص به ژنوتیپ MODEX با مقدار 14/59 اختصاص داشت. بیشترین عملکرد قندخالص را ژنوتیپ FDIR19B3021 به میزان 8/18 تن در هکتار تولید کرد. ژنوتیپ‌ها در دو منطقه ساقه‌روی نداشتند. در بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی ژنوتیپ FDIR19B3021 برای کشت‌زمستانه چغندرقند در مناطق گرم استان خراسان‌رضوی پیشنهاد می­شود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که امکان این کشت در مناطق مساعد وجود داشته و برای صفات اجزای عملکرد بین ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف تنوع ژنتیکی وجود دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the production capacity and quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet genotypes in winter cultivationin Khorasan Razavi province

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Fazel 1
  • mohammad reza azimi 2
  • M. Ahmadi 3
  • H. Hamidi 4
  • M. Armin 5
1 stu
2 Associate professor of Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Researcher of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Assistance Prof. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Extension of the autumn cultivation of sugar beet in the northeast of the country and in the warm regions of Khorasan provinces is subjected to bolting occurrence, if the proper planting date is not considered which increases the risk of frost damage, bird attack to the seedling, as well as afew cultivars availability. Winter cultivation of sugar beet has been proposed as a new solution to overcome the abovementioned problems and also to save more water consumption for sugar beet production in these areas. In order to study the potential of winter sugar beet production in Razavi Khorasan province, 18 sugar beet genotypes were evaluated in winter cultivation in two regions of Jovein and Torbat-e-Jam in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2018-19. The trials were cultivated in the middle of February. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between genotypes in terms of all traits. The highest root yield (62.14 t ha-1), sugar content (17.87%), and white sugar content (14.59) was observed in genotypes SVZA2019-JD0402, F-20739, and F-20739, respectively. The highest white sugar yield (8.18 t ha-1) was produced by genotype FDIR19B3021. No bolting occurrence was observed in both regions. Among the studied genotypes, FDIR19B3021 is recommended for winter sugar beet cultivation in warm areas of Razavi Khorasan province. Results of this study showed that winter cultivation of sugar beet is plausible in proper areas and there is a genetic variation for the yield components between different genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cold resistance
  • Cultivation season
  • Genotype
  • Growth period
  • Qualitative traits

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چغندرقند
دوره 38، شماره 1
شهریور 1401
صفحه 1-14

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