اثرات روش کاشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند در نظام‌های خرده مالکی

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 - استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات روش‌های مختلف کشت بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی محصول چغندرقند در قطعات کوچک (نظام‌های خرده مالکی)، تحقیقی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقات چغندرقند مهندس مطهری واقع در کرج و مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کرمان طی سال‌های 1388 و 1389 اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل کشت سنتی (درهمپاش)، کشت با بذرکار جاندیر با فاصله ردیف 50 سانتی‌متر، کشت با بذرکار نیوماتیک با فاصله ردیف 50 سانتی‌متر، کشت با بذرکار دستی تک ردیفه با فواصل ردیف 30، 40 و 50 سانتی‌متر در زمین صاف و بدون ایجاد جویچه و پشته (فارو) و کشت با بذرکار دستی تک ردیفه با فواصل ردیف 40 و 50 سانتی‌متر بر روی پشته بود. لازم به ذکر است که در حال حاضر فاصله خطوط کشت در مزارع بزرگ که از بذرکارهای چند ردیفه استفاده می­شود، 50 سانتی‌متر است. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای مورد بررسی و روش­های مختلف کشت بر روی صفات کمی محصول ازجمله تراکم بوته در واحد سطح، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد شکر و شکرسفید تأثیر معنی‌دار ولی بر صفات کیفی و ناخالصی‌های ریشه تأثیر معنی­دار نداشت. در هر دو منطقه کمترین عملکرد ریشه و قند با کشت سنتی (شاهد آزمایش) تولید شد. در کرج کشت با بذرکار دستی یک ردیفه با فاصله ردیف 40 سانتی‌متر و در کرمان کشت با بذرکار دستی یک ردیفه با فاصله ردیف 30 سانتی‌متر بیشترین عملکرد ریشه و شکرسفید را نشان داد. تأثیر مکان بر بیشتر صفات کمی و کیفی معنی­دار، ولی بر ناخالصی­های ریشه تأثیر معنی­دار نداشت. با توجه به تحلیل داده­های به‌دست ‌آمده می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که در نظام‌های خرده مالکی و قطعات کوچک، می‌توان با ایجاد فاصله خطوط کمتر کشت نسبت به اراضی بزرگ و متعاقباً با ایجاد تراکم بوته بیشتر و سطح پوشش یکنواخت‌تر با استفاده از دستگاه‌های کوچک، کارائی مصرف نهاده‌ها را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of planting method on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet in smallholder systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Yousefabadi 1
  • M.A. Javaheri 2
1 assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of different cultivation methods on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet in small plots (smallholder systems), a study in randomized complete block design was conducted at Motahari research station in Karaj and Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center for two years (2009-10). The studied treatments included traditional cultivation, cultivation with John Deere seeder with a row spacing of 50 cm, cultivation with pneumatic seeder with a row spacing of 50 cm, single-row manual seeder with row spacing of 30, 40 and 50 cm in flat land and without creating a furrow and planting with single-row manual seeder on furrow with row spacing of 40 and 50 cm. It should be noted that currently, the distance between rows in large fields where multi-row seeders are used is 50 cm. Results showed that the studied treatments and different cultivation methods had a significant effect on the quantitative traits of the crop including plant density per unit area, root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield, however no significant effect was observed for qualitative traits and root impurities. In both regions, traditional cultivation resulted in the lowest root yield and sugar yield achievement. The highest root yield and white sugar yield were obtained by single-row manual seeder with row spacing of 40 and 30 cm in Karaj and Kerman, respectively. The effect of location on most quantitative and qualitative traits was significant, but it had no significant effect on root impurities. According to the results, it can be concluded that in small ownership systems and small plots, it is possible to increase the efficiency by creating less distance between rows compared with large lands and subsequently, by creating more plant density and a more uniform germination using small devices which finally increases the efficiency of input consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mechanized cultivation
  • One-row manual seeder
  • Smallholder
  • Sugar beet
  • Traditional cultivation

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چغندرقند
دوره 37، شماره 2
مهر 1400
صفحه 207-222

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