بررسی بهره‌وری و میزان آب‌آبیاری چغندرقند در روش‌های آبیاری تحت فشار و سطحی در منطقه تربت‌حیدریه

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات،مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از انجام این تحقیق اندازه‌گیری حجم آب‌آبیاری، عملکرد ریشه، بهره‌وری آب و مقایسه میزان آب آبیاری با نیازآبی ناخالص چغندرقند در منطقه تربت حیدریه بوده است. مزارع در سال 1397 به کمک کارشناسان مدیریت و مراکز جهادکشاورزی به گونه‌ای انتخاب شدند که نماینده کل مزارع چغندرقند منطقه باشند. اطلاعات پایه شامل مشخصات و مختصات جغرافیایی مزارع، بافت خاک، هدایت الکتریکی آب‌آبیاری و عصاره اشباع خاک تعیین شدند. زمان کاشت، زمان برداشت، طول دوره رشد، رقم چغندرقند، متوسط عمق آب در هر بار آبیاری، تعداد کل نوبت‌های آبیاری انجام شده، حجم کل آب‌آبیاری و نیاز آبشویی اندازه­گیری، محاسبه و یا از طریق پرسش از کشاورزان برآورد گردید. متوسط میزان آب‌آبیاری در مزارع چغندرقند در روش­های آبیاری سطحی، بارانی و قطره­ای به‌ترتیب برابر با 11468، 10054 و 10353 مترمکعب در هکتار بوده است. کمترین میزان عملکرد ریشه برابر با 29/5 و بیشترین آن 70 تن در هکتار بود. کمترین مقدار بهره‌وری آب برابر با 3/21 و بیشترین آن 7/01 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و هر دو مقدار در روش آبیاری سطحی به‌دست آمد. میانگین بهره­وری آب در مزارع چغندرقند در روش­ آبیاری سطحی برابر با 4/19 و در روش­های آبیاری بارانی و قطره­ای به ترتیب 6/30 و 6/23کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب آب به‌دست آمد. با تغییر روش آبیاری از سطحی به بارانی و قطره‌ای، بهره­وری آب به‌ترتیب 50/36 و 48/69 درصد افزایش پیدا کرده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از آبیاری تحت‌فشار در کشت چغندرقند قابل توصیه است و توصیه می‌شود کشاورزان بر اساس دفترچه راهنما و طراحی اقدام به بهره­برداری از سامانه آبیاری نمایند، همچنین برنامه­ریزی آبیاری در مزرعه دقیقاً با آنچه در دفترچه توصیه شده است، مطابقت داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the water efficiency and the amount of water applied in irrigation of sugar beet through pressurized and surface irrigation methods in Torbat-e Heydariyeh region

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Karimi 1
  • M. Jolaini 2
1 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to measure the volume of irrigation water, root yield and water efficiency as well as comparison of the amount of irrigation water with the gross water requirement of sugar beet in Torbat-e Heydariyeh region. Fields were selected with the help of management and agricultural-Jahad experts in such a way that they represent all sugar beet fields in the region. Basic information including characteristics and geographic coordinates of fields, soil texture, electrical conductivity of irrigation water and soil saturation extract were determined. Planting date, harvest date, length of growth period, sugar beet cultivar, average water depth per irrigation, total number of irrigations, total volume of irrigation water and leaching requirement were measured or calculated based on information collected from growers. The average amount of irrigation water used in sugar beet fields under surface (furrow), sprinkler and drip irrigation methods were equal to 11468, 10054 and 10353 m3 ha-1, respectively. The lowest and highest root yield was equal to 29.5 and 70 t ha-1, respectively. The lowest (3.21 kg m-3) and highest (7.01 kg m-3) water efficiency were both obtained under surface irrigation. The average water efficiency under surface , sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods were 4.19, 6.30, and 6.23 kg m-3, respectively. By changing the irrigation method from surface to sprinkler and drip, water efficiency has increased by 50.36 and 48.69%, respectively. Results of this study showed that the use of pressurized irrigation in sugar beet cultivation is recommended and growers should perform irrigation system based on the instruction booklet as well as plan irrigation in the field exactly with what is recommended in the instruction booklet.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation method
  • Irrigation water
  • Sugar beet
  • Yield
  • Water productivity

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چغندرقند
دوره 37، شماره 2
مهر 1400
صفحه 167-177

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