تأثیر پوشش پلاستیک و پاکلوبوترازول بر ساقه روی و عملکرد چغندرقند پاییزه در منطقه مشهد

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

2 محقق بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

5 استادیار بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

در این تحقیق اثرات استفاده از پوشش پلاستیک و پاکلوبوترازول بر ساقه‌روی، عملکرد و کیفیت کشت پاییزه چغندرقند در قالب آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده  با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در منطقه مشهد طی دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 بررسی شد. عامل اصلی شامل تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (اول، 10 و 20 مهرماه) و عامل فرعی شامل کنترل ساقه‌روی در چهار سطح (شاهد، پوشش پلاستیک، پاکلوبوترازول و کاربرد هم‌زمان پاکلوبوترازول و پوشش پلاستیک) بود. میانگین کاهش ساقه‌روی در تیمارهای پوشش پلاستیک، پاکلوبوترازول و کاربرد هم‌زمان پاکلوبوترازول و پوشش پلاستیک نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 69/06، 32/98 و 91/88 درصد بود. میانگین عملکرد قندخالص نشان داد که تیمارهای پوشش پلاستیک، 1/11 تن در هکتار افزایش پاکلوبوترازول 1/93 کاهش و کاربرد هم‌زمان پاکلوبوترازول و پوشش پلاستیک نسبت به شاهد 1/19 تن در هکتار کاهش داشته است. بین تاریخ­های مختلف کشت از نظر عملکرد قندخالص تفاوت معنی­داری وجود نداشت، علت آن بروز ساقه‌روی در کشت زود و در نتیجه کاهش درصد قند و همچنین کاهش عملکرد در کشت دیرهنگام می‏تواند باشد. در تیمارهای کنترل ساقه­روی، پوشش پلاستیک با کاهش حدود 70 درصد ساقه‌روی در تاریخ دوم کاشت نسبت به تاریخ کشت اول باعث افزایش عملکرد نیز گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد پاکلوبوترازول و کاربرد هم‌زمان پاکلوبوترازول و پوشش پلاستیک کاهش معنی­داری بر عملکرد قند خالص داشت. از طرفی به دلیل تأثیر معنی­دار کاربرد هم‌زمان پاکلوبوترازول و پوشش پلاستیک بر کاهش ساقه­روی، لازم است بررسی­های بیشتری در خصوص مقدار و زمان کاربرد پاکلوبوترازول برای رفع اثرات منفی بر عملکرد انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plastic mulch and paclobutrazol on bolting and yield of autumn-sown sugar beet in Mashhad region

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Ahmadi 1
  • H. Hamidi 2
  • J. Rezaei 3
  • K. Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf 4
  • Sh. Zare 5
1 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Researcher of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the effects of plastic mulch and paclobutrazol on bolting, yield and quality of autumn-sown sugar beet was studied in a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Mashhad during two cropping seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). Planting dates at three levels (10th, 20th and 30th of October) were allocated to main plots and bolting control at four levels (control, plastic mulch, paclobutrazol, and simultaneous application of paclobutrazol and plastic mulch) to subplots. The average reduction of bolting in plastic mulch, paclobutrazol, and simultaneous application of paclobutrazole and plastic mulch compared with control was 69.06, 32.98 and 91.88%, respectively. The treatments of plastic mulch, paclobutrazol, and simultaneous application of paclobutrazol and plastic mulch increased white sugar yield by 1.11, 1.93, and 1.19 t ha-1, respectively. There was no significant difference between different planting dates in terms of white sugar yield which could be due to the bolting occurrence in early planting and as a result reduction of sugar content and also the decrease in yield in late planting. In bolting control treatments, plastic mulch increased the yield by reducing about 70% of bolting on the second planting date compared with the first planting date. Results showed that the use of paclobutrazol and the simultaneous use of paclobutrazol and plastic mulch had a significant reduction in white sugar yield. On the other hand, due to the significant effect of the simultaneous application of paclobutrazol and plastic mulch on bolting reduction, it is necessary to conduct more studies regarding the amount and timing of paclobutrazol application to eliminate the negative effects on yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bolting
  • Planting date
  • Plastic mulch
  • Root yield
  • Sugar yield
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