بررسی کاربرد سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی دو رقم در کشت پاییزه چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 استاد گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

3 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر میزان کاهش مصرف کود نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بر خصوصیات کیفی دو رقم در کشت پاییزه چغندرقند بود. این پژوهش طی دو سال زراعی 98-97 و 97-1396 در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل ارقام چغندرقند پاییزه (Chimene و Rosagold) و چهار سطح کود F1: کاربرد 138 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن (شاهد)، F2: کاربرد 124 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی، F3: کاربرد 110 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی، F4: کاربرد 96/6 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی با محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به میزان پنج در هزار بود. بیشترین عملکرد ریشه (معادل 90/15 تن در هکتار) متعلق به رقم Rosagold بود. از بین تیمارهای سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن با محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی، بیشترین میزان عملکرد ریشه مربوط به تیمار مصرف 270 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن با محلول‎پاشی سولفات روی (F2) بود. بالاترین درصد قندناخالص (به میزان 16/15 درصد) توسط تیمار 20 درصد کاهش مصرف نیتروژن و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به‌دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین درصد قندخالص به میزان 15/75 درصد از رقم Rosagold و تیمار 20 درصد کاهش مصرف نیتروژن با محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به دست آمد که در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (F1)، 26/17 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین میزان قند ملاس و ناخالصی‌های سدیم، پتاسیم و نیتروژن مضره به ترتیب به میزان 2/7، 2/61، 7/90 و 2/90 میلی اکی‌والان در صد گرم خمیر ریشه چغندرقند) در رقم Chimene مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین درصد ساقه‎روی در رقم Chimene و مصرف 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه می‌توان اظهار داشت که کشت پاییزه چغندرقند با استفاده از رقم Rosagold در منطقه خرم‎آباد امکان‌پذیر می‌باشد و محلول‎پاشی سولفات روی توان جبران کاهش مصرف نیتروژن به میزان 20 درصد بدون کاهش کمیت و کیفیت چغندرقند پاییزه را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and foliar spray of zinc sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two cultivars in autumn sugar beet cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Haqshenas 1
  • Kh. Azizi 2
  • S. Ghasemi 3
  • F. Nazarian Firouzabadi 2
1 PhD student of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.
3 Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute(SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application as well as foliar spray of zinc sulfat on the quality characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars in autumn cultivation. The study was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture in Lorestan University during two crop seasons (2017-19). The Experimental treatments included two autumn-sown sugar beet cultivars (Chimene and Rosagold) and four fertilizer levels including F1: 138 kg ha-1 nitrogen (control), F2: 124 kg ha-1 nitrogen and foliar spray of zinc sulfate, F3: application of 110 kg ha-1 nitrogen and foliar spray of zinc sulfate, F4: 96.6 kg ha-1 nitrogen and foliar spray of zinc sulfate at a rate of 5/1000. The highest root yield (90.15 t ha-1) belonged to Rosagold cultivar and among the treatments, the highest root yield was related to F2 treatment. The highest sugar content (16.15%) was obtained in 20% reduction in nitrogen application and foliar spray of zinc sulfate. Also, the highest white sugar content (15.57%) was obtained from Rosagold cultivar in 20% reduction in N fertilizer application and foliar spray of zinc sulfate, which showed 26.17% increase compared with control treatment (F1). The highest molasses sugar and Na, K and α- N as 2.7, 2.61, 7.90 and 2.90 meq 100 gr beet-1, respectively was observed in Chimene. Also, the highest bolting percentage was obtained in Chimene and the application of 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that autumn cultivation of sugar beet using Rosagold cultivar is possible in Khorramabad region and foliar spray of zinc sulfate can compensate the reduction of nitrogen consumption by 20% without reducing the quantity and quality of autumn sugar beet.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autumn sowing
  • Bolting
  • Cultivar
  • Foliar spray
  • Micronutrient
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