بررسی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و ارتباط بین صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی چغندرقند تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان؜غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات ،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین پارامترهای ژنتیکی و وراثت‌پذیری صفات مختلف چغندرقند و تجزیه ارتباط صفات، ژنوتیپ‌های فول‌سیب (تمام‎خواهری) و هیبرید در آزمایش‌های جداگانه در سال زراعی 1396 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی میاندوآب در دو شرایط شوری و نرمال، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش فول‌سیب‌ها در شرایط شوری، صفات عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند خالص و ناخالص، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، وزن خشک ریشه و نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی و در شرایط نرمال صفات عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد قند، نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی و وزن ویژه برگ واریانس ژنتیکی بیشتری نسبت به واریانس محیطی داشتند و درنتیجه دارای وراثت‌پذیری عمومی بالاتری نیز بودند. در آزمایش هیبریدها در شرایط شوری برای صفات عملکرد قند خالص، میزان پتاسیم، نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم، میزان نیتروژن و سطح برگ و در شرایط نرمال برای صفات عملکرد ریشه، میزان سدیم، نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم و میزان نیتروژن، واریانس ژنتیکی بالا بود و در نتیجه وراثت‌پذیری عمومی بالای 0/5 مشاهده شد؛ بدین ترتیب، در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و گزینشی می‌توان این صفات را مدنظر قرار داد. در شرایط شوری، دامنه تغییرات وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی از 0/16 تا 0/66 متغیر بود. بیشترین میزان وراثت‌پذیری به ترتیب مربوط به قند ملاس با 0/66، میزان نیتروژن با 0/43، عملکرد قند با 0/38 و محتوای نسبی آب برگ با 0/38 بود؛ بنابراین، این صفات تا حدودی توسط اثرات افزایشی ژن‌ها کنترل‌شده و می‌توان در برنامه‌های اصلاحی از درجات مختلف گزینش برای آنها استفاده کرد. در شرایط نرمال، دامنه تغییرات وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی از 0/10 تا 0/29 متغیر بود و صفت محتوای نسبی آب برگ با 0/29 بیشترین میزان وراثت‌پذیری را نشان داد. در تنش شوری، وراثت‌پذیری عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند در حد متوسط بود؛ بنابراین، در اصلاح عملکرد ریشه می‌توان از گزینش در نسل‌های متمادی و انتهایی و همچنین تولید هیبرید استفاده کرد. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون و علیت نشان داد که در شرایط نرمال و شوری، وقتی عملکرد ریشه به‌عنوان متغیر تابع در نظر گرفته شد، صفات وزن ویژه برگ، سطح برگ و محتوای آب نسبی برگ تغییرات موجود را توجیه کردند و از بین آنها سطح برگ دارای بیشترین اثر مثبت و مستقیم بر عملکرد ریشه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of genetic parameters and relationships between physiological and yield traits of sugar beet under normal and salinity stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolmajid Khorshid 1
  • Abazar Rajabi 2
  • Ali Akbar Asasdi 3
  • Heydar Azizi 1
  • Babak Babaee 4
1 Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbayjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO). Urmia, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Zanjan, Iran
4 Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to determine the genetic parameters and heritability of different traits of sugar beet and also the relationship between traits, full-sib and hybrid genotypes were evaluated in separate trials at Miandoab Agricultural Research Station under salinity and normal conditions in 2017. In full-sib trial performed under salinity condition, root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, leaf relative water content, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio, and under normal condition, root yield, sugar yield, root/shoot ratio and specific leaf weight had higher genetic variance than environmental variance and consequently had higher broad-sense heritability. In hybrid trial performed under salinity condition, for white sugar yield, potassium content, potassium/sodium ratio, nitrogen content, and leaf area, and under normal condition, for root yield, sodium content, potassium/sodium ratio and nitrogen content, genetic variance was high and as a result, broad-sense heritability was above 0.5. Therefore, these traits can be considered in breeding and selection programs. Under salinity condition, the narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.16 to 0.66. The highest narrow-sense heritability was related to molasses sugar with 0.66, nitrogen content with 0.43, sugar yield with 0.38 and leaf relative water content with 0.38, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that these traits are partially controlled by additive effects and can be used for selection of different degrees. Under normal condition, the narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.01 to 0.29 and the relative water content with 0.29 showed the highest heritability. Under salinity stress, heritability of root yield and sugar yield was moderate; so yield could be improved by long-term selection and hybrid production. The results of regression and path analysis showed that under salinity and normal conditions, when the root yield was considered as dependent variable, specific leaf weight, leaf area, and relative water content explained the variation among which the leaf area had the highest positive direct effect on root yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salinity
  • Broad and Narrow-sense heritability
  • Genetic variance

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چغندرقند
دوره 36، شماره 2
مهر 1399
صفحه 139-154

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