شناسایی والد مادری مناسب در تهیه ارقام مقاوم به بیماری‏های مهم خاکزاد چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.

5 استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.

6 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

7 دانشیارمؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

8 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی نقش والد مادری در تهیه ارقام مقاوم به بیماریهای ریزومانیا، پوسیدگی ریشه و نماتد سیستی، تعداد 12 سینگل کراس مقاوم به ریزومانیا، سه سینگل کراس نرمال و محصولی و دو لاین نرعقیم محصولی با دو گرده افشان تلاقی و هیبریدهای متناظر آنها تهیه شد. یکی از والدهای گرده افشان مقاوم به ریزومانیا-نماتد سیستی  (SB26-S1-3)و دیگری مقاوم به ریزومانیا-پوسیدگی ریشه (33345) بود. درصد حضور ژن مقاومت به ریزومانیا و نماتد سیستی در والدین و هیبریدها تعیین شد. هیبریدها در قالب دو آزمایش 20 رقمی (هیبریدهای مقاوم به ریزومانیا-نماتد سیستی) و 16 رقمی (هیبریدهای مقاوم به ریزومانیا-پوسیدگی ریشه) در پنج منطقه شیراز، مشهد، تربت جام، قزوین و همدان مورد مقایسه محصولی قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش 20 رقمی، هیبرید (201-25*301-28)*SB26-S1-3 با 35 درصد حضور ژن مقاومت به نماتد سیستی و 100 درصد حضور ژن مقاومت به ریزومانیا و تولید 6.53 تن شکر سفید در هکتار (معادل 149 درصد رقم آریا) به عنوان هیبرید برتر این آزمایش شناخته شد. در این آزمایش ارقام شاهد خارجی توکان و ساکارا به ترتیب 5.88 و 8.08 تن شکر سفید در هکتار تولید کردند. در آزمایش 16 رقمی، هیبرید (201-25*301-28)*33345-93 با 132 درصد رقم شاهد اکباتان ( 4.72 تن شکر سفید در هکتار) به عنوان بهترین هیبرید این آزمایش بود. این هیبرید طی فصل رشد ده درصد بوته های خود را در اثر بوته میری از دست داد. در این شرایط ارقام اکباتان، بومرنگ، پریمیر، نودرو و شریف به ترتیب 12، 7، 12، 4 و 28 درصد بوته های خود را در اثر پوسیدگی ریشه طی فصل رشد در مزرعه از دست دادند. این هیبرید با تولید 6.23 تن شکر سفید در هکتار از ارقام خارجی نودورو (5.55 تن شکر سفید در هکتار)، بومرنگ (5.52 تن شکر سفید در هکتار) و پریمیر (3.97 تن شکر سفید در هکتار) برتر بود. سینگل کراس (201-25*301-28) با 90 درصد حضور ژن Rz1، غلظت ویروس BNYVV درحد شاهد مقاوم رقم تجارتی بریجیتا و بیشترین عملکرد شکر در تلاقی با هر دو گرده افشان فوق، به عنوان والد مادری برتر برای تهیه هیبریدهای جدید معرفی می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of proper maternal parent for producing sugar beet cultivars resistant to major soil borne diseases

نویسندگان [English]

  • S.B. Mahmoudi 1
  • P. Norouzi 2
  • S. Khayamim 3
  • Mohsen Bazrafshan 4
  • H. Mansouri 5
  • Masoud Ahmadi 6
  • S. Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 7
  • M. ghaeezadeh 8
1 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran
2 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Karaj, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Sugar beet Reseach Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Shiraz, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor of Sugar beet Reseach Department, Hamedn Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Hamedan, Iran.
6 . Sugar beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO). Mashhad, Iran.
7 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Karaj, Iran.
8 Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREOO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to understand the role of maternal parent in producing sugar beet cultivars resistant to rhizomania, root rot, and beet cyst nematode diseases, 12 single crosses resistant to rhizomania, three normal single crosses, and two male sterile lines were crossed with two pollinators. One of the pollinators (SB36-S1-3) was resistant to beet cyst nematode and the other one (33345-93) was resistant to rhizomania and root rot. The presence of rhizomania and cystic nematode resistance gene in parents and hybrids was determined. Hybrids were evaluated in two trials of 20 (hybrids resistant to rhizomania and beet cyst nematode) and 16 cultivars (hybrids resistant to root rot and rhizomania) in five locations including Shiraz, Ghazvin, Mashhad, Torbat-e-Jam and Hamadan. In 20 cultivars trial, hybrid (201-25*301-28) *SB26-S1-3 with the presence of 35% MN gene and 100% Rz1 gene as well as 6.53 t/ha white sugar yield (equivalent to 149% of Arya) was selected as the superior hybrid. In this trial, foreign control cultivars namely Toucan and Succara produced 5.85 and 8.08 t/ha white sugar yield, respectively. In 16 cultivars trial, hybrid (201-25*301-28) *33345-93 with 132% of the control cultivar Ekbatan in terms of white sugar yield (4.72 t/ha) was the superior hybrid. This hybrid lost 10% of its individual plants during the growing season because of root rot. Under this condition, Ekbatan, Boomerang, Perimeir, Novodoro, and Sharif cultivars lost 12, 7, 12, 4 and 28 % of their plants during the growing season, respectively. Hybrid (201-25*301-28) *33345-93 produced 6.23 t/ha white sugar yield which was more than Novodoro (5.55 t/ha), Boomerang (5.52 t/ha) and Perimeir (3.97 t/ha). Single cross 201-25*301-28 with 90% presence of Rz1 gene, virus concentration of BNYVV in a level of Brigita, resistant foreign control, and producing highest sugar yield in crosses with both of pollinators was introduced as a superior maternal parent for new hybrid production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Beet cyst nematode
  • Combining ability
  • Rhizomania
  • Root rot
  • Sugar beet

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چغندرقند
دوره 36، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 1-13

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