مقایسه بهره‌وری در الگوهای کشت بذری و نشایی در تولید چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار موسسه پژوهش‏های برنامه‌ریزی، اقتصادکشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه  بکارگیری تکنولوژی‌های نوین بعنوان راهکار برای رفع موانع محیطی و استفاده بهینه ازمنابع مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. تغییر روش کشت از کشت مستقیم بذر به کشت نشایی در برخی از محصولات زراعی از جمله تولید چغندرقند به عنوان راهکار عملی برای این منظور می باشد. این تحقیق با هدف تعیین بهره‌وری جزئی و کلی عوامل تولید در دو روش کشت معمول(کشت مستقیم بذر) و کشت نشایی چغندرقند در سال 1396 انجام شد. آمار و اطلاعات مورد نیاز در این پژوهش  با مراجعه به اسناد و مدارک منتشره دراین خصوص، مصاحبه با محققان و کارشناسان ذیربط در موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، دفتر مجری طرح چغندرقند در وزارت جهادکشاورزی و همچنین مدیریت زراعی کشت و صنعت برکت (جوین) جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج موید آن است که بهره‌وری جزئی نهاده‌های ماشین‌آلات، بذر،کودهای شیمیایی و نیروی کار در روش کشت مستقیم بذر چغندرقند بیشتر از روش کشت نشایی و درمورد نهاده‌های سموم شیمیایی و آب بهره‌وری جزئی در روش کشت نشایی بیشتر از روش کشت مستقیم بذر می‌باشد. در مورد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید نیز میزان بهره‌وری در روش کشت مستقیم بذر چغندرقند بیشتر از روش کشت نشایی است. براساس نتایج؛ درآمد خالص و بازده فروش محصول ناشی از کشت مستقیم  بذر به ترتیب  64/6  و 13/3 درصد بیشتر از روش کشت نشایی محاسبه شد. میانگین بهره‌وری جزئی و کلی نهاده‌های بکار رفته در روش کشت مستقیم بذر چغندرقند به ترتیب  4/8 و  21/4 درصد بیشتر از روش کشت نشایی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of productivity in direct seeding and seedling transplanting patterns of sugar beet production

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Rafati
  • katayoon shemshadi
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, the use of new technologies as a solution to remove environmental barriers and optimal use of resources has been considered. Changing the cultivation method from direct seeding to seedling transplanting in some crops such as sugar beet is considered as a practical solution for this purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the partial and total productivity of the production factors in two cultivation methods including traditional (direct seed cultivation) and transplanting in 2017. The statistical information needed in this study were collected by referring to the published documents in this regard, interviews with relevant researchers and experts at the Sugar Beet Seed Institute, the office of the sugar beet project executor in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, as well as the agricultural crop management department of the Jovain industrial and agricultural Company. The results indicated that the efficiency of partial machine productivity, seed, chemical fertilizer and labor inputs in direct seeding is more than the seedling transplanting method, and for chemical pesticides and water inputs, the partial productivity in the seedling transplanting is more than direct seeding. Regarding the total efficiency of production factors, the efficiency of direct seeding method is more than seedling transplanting. According to the results, net income and sale return of direct seeding was 64.6 and 13.3% more than seedling transplanting, respectively. The average partial and total productivity of inputs used in direct seeding was estimated to 4.8 and 21.4% more than seedling transplanting, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Direct seeding
  • Efficiency of production factors
  • Profitability
  • Seedling transplanting
  • Sugar beet
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