Performance of ten sugar beet varieties for growth, yield and juice quality under different soil salinity levels

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار موسسه تحقیقات چغندرقند مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی، جیزه، مصر.

چکیده

شوری خاک بر تولید گیاه، از جمله رشد چغندرقند، به ویژه در استان الفایوم کشور مصر تأثیر می؜گذارد.گزینش ارقام متحمل به شوری یکی از متداول؜ترین روش؜هایی است که توسط به؜نژادگران چغندرقند استفاده می؜شود.این تحقیق در استان الفایوم (مصر) واقع در 29 درجه و 17 درجه شمالی؛ 30 درجه و 53 درجه شرقی، در طول فصل زراعی 2017/2018 و 2018/2019 انجام شد.هدف از این تحقیق مطالعه اثر شوری خاک بر روی رشد، کیفیت و عملکرد 10 رقم مولتی؜ژرم چغندرقند در سه منطقه منشات سینریس(S1)، 3/57dSm-1، منشات بنی؜عثمان (S2)، 8/6dSm-1 و منشات تنتاوی ((S3، 11/84dSm-1  بود.آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد.نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد شکر و همچنین اندازه ریشه با افزایش سطح شوری خاک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به؜طور معنی؜داری کاهش یافت.تحت شوری شدید خاک، عملکرد ریشه و شکر رقم Florima به؜ترتیب برابر 32/64 و 4/33 تن در هکتار بود؛ از طرف دیگر، رقم Euklid کمترین مقادیر را به ترتیب برابر 27/10 و 3/31 تن در هکتار داشت.در مورد اثر متقابل سطح شوری خاک و ارقام چغندرقند، بیشترین مقدار عملکرد ریشه و شکر توسط ارقامFlorima،Toro، Cleopatra وTarbelli، تحت شدید شوری خاک(11.84 dSm-1)ثبت گردید. با توجه به نتایج پیشنهاد می؜شود چهار رقم فوق توسط کشاورزان تحت خاک شور کشت شوند.این ارقام متحمل به شوری خاک هستند و می؜توانند عملکرد ریشه و شکر پایدار در خاک تحت تنش؜شوری ایجاد کنند.برآورد تخمین وراثت؜پذیری با قند قابل استحصال (94/4 درصد)، طول ریشه (93/36 درصد) و وزن ریشه (92/05 درصد) ثبت شد.وراثت؜پذیری صفات برای به؜نژادگران از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است، زیرا اندازه آن بیان؜گر صحت تشخیص انواع مختلف بیان فنوتیپی است.نتایج نشان داد که چهار رقم ارقام Florima،Toro،Cleopatra  وTarbelli، دارای شاخص حساسیت به شوری(SSI)بر اساس عملکرد ریشه و شکر1> و نسبتاً به تنش شوری متحمل هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of ten sugar beet varieties in terms of growth, yield and quality under different soil salinity levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. F.B. Abu-Ellail
  • K.A. Sadek
  • H.M.Y. El-Bakary
Assistant Professor of Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
چکیده [English]

Soil salinity is affecting plant production, including sugar beet growing, especially in Al-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Screening for salinity tolerant varieties is one of the most often methods used by breeders in sugar beet. The present study was carried out at Al-Fayoum Governorate, (29°17ˋ N; 30°53ˋ E), Egypt, during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons. The objective was to evaluate the effect of saline soil of three locations (villages) S1, 3.57 dSm-1 (Monshat Sinnuris), S2, 8.6 dSm-1 (Monshat bani Othman), and S3, 11.84 dSm-1 (Monshat Tantawy) on plant growth, quality and yield traits of ten multigerm sugar beet varieties. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that root yield and sugar yield, as well as root dimensions were significantly decreased by increasing soil salinity levels as compared with the control treatment. Under severe soil salinity, Florima variety was superior in root and sugar yields [13.71 and 1.82 ton/fed (fed=0.42 ha)]; on the other hand, Euklid variety recorded the lowest values (11.38 and 1.39 ton/fed), respectively. As for the interaction between soil salinity levels and sugar beet varieties, the highest values for root and sugar yields were recorded by the varieties Florima, Toro, Cleopatra, and Tarbelli, under severe soil salinity (11.84 dSm-1). The results recommended the above four varieties to be cultivated by farmers under saline soil; these varieties are tolerant to soil salinity and they can produce stable root and sugar yields in the stressed soil. High broad-sense heritability estimates were obtained by extractable sugar (94.9%), root length (93.36%), and root weight (92.05 %). Heritability of metric traits is of great significance to the breeders as its magnitude indicates the accuracy with which a variety can be recognized by its phenotypic expression. Results showed that four varieties (Florima, Toro, Cleopatra and Tarbell (had a salinity susceptibility index (SSI) based on root and sugar yields of <1 and were relatively tolerant to salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Performance
  • sugar beet
  • varieties
  • soil salinity
  • yield

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چغندرقند
دوره 35، شماره 2
اسفند 1398
صفحه 233-249

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