اثر نانو سیلیس و تبوکونازول روی برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، رشد و عملکرد شکر سفید چغندرقند تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات ،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

شواهد زیادی وجود دارد که نقش تریازول‌ها و سیلیس را در تخفیف اثرات تنش‌های غیرزیستی نشان می‌دهند. با این وجود، تاکنون قابلیت نانوسیلیس و تبوکونازول و اثرات متقابل احتمالی آنها در بهبود اثرات تنش خشکی و مکانیسم‌های مرتبط با آن در چغندرقند مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. به این منظور، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مهندس مطهری واقع در کمالشهر کرج طی سال‌های 1395 و 1396 انجـام شد. سه رژیم آبیاری به‎میزان 100، 75 و 50 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه (به ترتیب آبیاری معمول، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید) در کرت‌های اصلی قرار گرفتند. کرت‌های فرعی شامل ترکیب فاکتوریل سه سطح پاشش نانو سیلیس (0، 1 و 2 میلی‎مولار) و دو سطح تبوکونازول (0 و 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی، اثر نانوسیلیس روی صفات مورد بررسی وابسته به دز بود به‌طوری‌که کاربرد نانوسیلیس با غلظت یک میلی‎مولار موجب بهبود پارامترهای رشد و صفات فیزیولوژیکی شد و عملکرد شکرسفید و حداکثر ماده خشک را به ترتیب به میزان 20 و 17 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار تنش شدید خشکی بدون کاربرد نانوسیلیس، افزایش داد. در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی (آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه)، بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ، میزان کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ در تیمار  مصرف یک میلی‎مولار نانو سیلیس مشاهده شد. در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی، کاربرد سیلیس به میزان دو میلی‎مولار اثر نامطلوبی بر عملکرد شکر داشت. کاربرد توأم سیلیس و تبوکونازول از طریق حفظ سبزینگی گیاه و جلوگیری از پیری برگ‌ها موجب بهبود تولید ماده خشک و عملکرد شکر شد که ممکن است بیانگر وجود اثر متقابل بین دو ترکیب مذکور باشد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که نانوسیلیس و تبوکونازول می‌توانند به‌عنوان ابزار مناسبی برای تخفیف اثرات تنش خشکی در چغندرقند مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of nanosilicon and tebuconazole foliar application on some physiological traits, growth and white sugar yield of sugar beet under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Namjoyan 1
  • A. Rajabi 2
  • A. Sorooshzadeh 3
  • M. Agha Alikhani 3
1 Former PhD student of crop physiology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate professor of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

There is ample evidence to illustrate the role of triazoles and silicon in mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses. However, the potential of nano-silicon and tebuconazole and their possible interactions in ameliorating the effects of drought stress and related mechanisms in sugar beet have not been investigated so far. Therefore, a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at Motahari Research Station of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Karaj, Iran over two seasons, 2016 and 2017. Three irrigation treatments including 100, 75, and 50% of plant evapotranspiration (normal, mild stress, and severe stress, respectively) were assigned to the main plots. Subplots were composed of a factorial combination of three nano-silicon doses of 0, 1 and 2 mM and two tebuconazole doses of 0 and 25 mg l-1. The results showed that under severe drought stress, the effect of nano-silicon on the studied traits was dose-dependent, so that the application of nano-silicon with 1mM concentration improved growth parameters as well as physiological traits and increased white sugar yield and the maximum dry matter by 20 % and 17%, respectively compared with severe drought stress treatment. Under severe drought stress condition (irrigation at 50% of plant evapotranspiration), the highest leaf area index, chlorophyll and relative water content were observed in 1 mM nano-silicon treatment. Under severe drought stress, foliar application of 2 mM nano silicon had an adverse effect on sugar yield. The combined application of nano-silicon and tebuconazole improved dry matter production and sugar yield by maintaining plant greenness and preventing leaf aging which may indicate an interaction between these two compounds. These results indicate that nano-silicon and tebuconazole can be used as a suitable tool to mitigate the effects of drought stress on sugar beet.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Nano silicon
  • Sugar beet
  • Tebuconazole

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چغندرقند
دوره 35، شماره 2
اسفند 1398
صفحه 157-173

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