بررسی مقاومت ارقام تجاری چغندرقند در برابر پوسیدگی‌های ریشه ناشی از R. solani و F. oxysporum

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری؜شناسی گیاهی، قارچ شناسی- گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعیی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

در تحقیق حاضر مقاومت ۳۰ رقم تجاری رایج چغندرقند در برابر پوسیدگی­های ریشه ناشی؜از دو بیمارگر Rhizoctonia solani و Fusarium oxysporum f. sp . betaeطی سال­های 1395 و 1396 در استان آذربایجان غربی ارزیابی قرار شد. ارقام تحت شرایط کنترل شده گلخانه در گلدان تحت مایه­زنی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 15 تکرار و پنج شاهد برای هر تیمار اجرا شد. رتبه­بندی شدت پوسیدگی حاصل از مایه­زنی قارچ R. solani هشت هفته بعد از شروع مایه­زنی با مقیاس 9-1 انجام گرفت. همچنین شاخص برداشت (Harvest Index) نیز برای هر تیمار محاسبه شد. رتبه‎بندی رنگ زرد برگ؜ها و پوسیدگی حاصل از قارچ F. oxysporumبه صورت هفتگی از هفته دوم بعد از مایه­زنی با شاخص 5-0 ثبت شد. میانگین سطح زیرمنحنی پیشرفت بیماری (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) برای مقایسه پیشرفت آلودگی بین ارقام مورد محاسبه قرار گرفت. همچنین جهت مقایسه میزان بوته­میری هریک از ارقام تحت شرایط طبیعی، آزمایش مزرعه‎ای در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. بوته­های از دست رفته یا در حال زوال، سه بار بعد از انجام تنک و وجین شمارش شدند. بوته­های در حال مرگ شناسایی و جهت تشخیص عامل بیماری به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نتایج حاصل از محاسبه AUDPC تحت شرایط مزرعه به دست آمد و ارقام مقاوم مشخص شدند. عملکرد شکرخالص ارقام در واحد سطح محاسبه شد. نتایج به؜دست آمده از میزان مقاومت ارقام در مزرعه و گلخانه با خصوصیات ژنتیکی معرفی شده توسط شرکت تولید کننده بذر و عملکرد شکرخالص مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند و ارقام مقاوم و با عملکرد بالا معرفی شدند. ارقام بی­تی­اس 233، فلورس، دلتا و موریل دارای مقاومت نسبی در برابر هر دو بیمارگر بودند و عملکرد قابل ملاحظه‎ای در هکتار نشان داده و در مزارعی با آلودگی توام قابل توصیه می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of sugar beet commercial cultivars resistance against root rot caused by R. solani and F. oxysporum

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Moshari 1
  • R. Hemati 2
  • S.B. Mahmoudi 3
  • A. Pedram 4
1 Phd student in Plant Pathology, Mycology- Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor- Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbayjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO). Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the present study, the resistance of 30 common commercial sugar beet cultivars against root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated in West Azerbaijan province during 2017 and 2018. Cultivars were inoculated in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 15 replications and 5 controls for each treatment. Ranking based on root rot intensity caused by inoculation of R. solani was done eight weeks after inoculation with a scale of 1-9. Harvest Index was also calculated for each treatment. Ranking based on leaves color yellowing and root rot caused by F. oxyporum were recorded weekly from the second week after inoculation with 0-5 index. The mean of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for the disease development comparison among cultivars. Also, in order to compare the cultivars damping off under normal condition, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. Missing or dying plants were counted three time after thinning and weeding. Dying plants were identified and transferred to the laboratory for diagnosis of the disease. The results of AUDPC calculation were obtained under field conditions and resistant cultivars were identified. The white sugar yield of cultivars per unit area was calculated. The results obtained from the cultivars resistance in the field and greenhouse with the genetic characteristics of the cultivars introduced by the sugar beet seeds companies were compared and resistant cultivars with high yield were introduced. The BTS233, Flores, Delta, and Murialle showed relative resistance to both pathogens and showed significant yield per hectare and are recommended in fields with contamination

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fusarium yellow and Rhizoctonia root rot
  • Root rot
  • Sugar beet commercial cultivars

مراجع

Abdollahian Noghabi M. Ecophysiology of sugar beet cultivars and Weed species subjected to water deficiency stress. Ph.D. Thsis, University of Reading. 1999.
Altier NA, Theis JA. Identification of resistance to pythium seedling diseases in alfalfa using a culture plate method. Plant Diseases. 1995; 97: 341- 346.
Annonymous. 2011. National List of Plant Varieties of Iran. Publications of Seed and Plant Certification and Registraction Research Institute.
Arzanlou M. Sugar beet root rots ethiology in Karaj (MSc Thesis). Faculty of Agriculture. Tehran univercity. 2000. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Biancardi E, Panella LW, Lewellen RT. Beta maritima: the origin of beets. 2012; Springer, Heidelberg.
Buddemeyer J, Märländer B. Integrierte Kontrolle der Späten Rübenfäule (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) in Zuckerrüben – Einfluß von Anbaumaßnahmen und Fruchtfolgegestaltung sowie Sortenwahl unter Berücksichtigung des Maises. [Integrated control of crown rot in sugar beet roots (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)– the impact of tillage factors, crop rotation, and selection of varieties, including maize]. Zuckerindustrie, 2004; 129: 799–809.
Buhre C, Kluth C, Bürcky K, Märländer B, Varrelmann M. Integrated control of root and crown rot in sugar beet: Combined effects of cultivar, crop rotation, and soil tillage. Plant Dis. 2009; 93 (2): 155-161.
Buttner G, Pfahler B, Marlander B. Greenhouse and field techniques for testing sugar beet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root and crown root. Plant Breed. 2004; 123: 158-166.
Buttner, G, Fuhrer Ithurrart ME, Buddemeyer J. Spate Rubenfaule Rhizoctonia solani– Verbreitung, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und integrierte Bekampfungskonzepte. 2002; Zuckerind. 127: 856-866.
Carling DE, Kuminaga S, Brainard A. Hyphal anastomosis reactions, rDNA- internal transcribed spacer sequences, and virulence levels among subsets of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group-2 (AG- 2) and AGBI. Phytopathol. 2002; 92: 43-50.
De Lucchi C, Stevanato P, Hanson L, McGrath M, Panella L, De Biaggi M, Broccanello C, Bertaggia M, Sella L, Concheri G. Molecular markers for improving control of soil borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in sugar beet. Euphytica. 2017; 213: 71.
Dimitros A, Karadimos JT, Sialtas T, Maslaris N, Apakosta DP. Root rot diseases of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) as affected by defoliation intensity. Matica Srpska Proc. for Nat. Sci. 2006; 110: 123-127.
Ebrahimi Koulaee H, Mahmoudi SB, Hasani M. Evaluation of the resistance of sugar beet breeding lines to Rhizoctonia root and crown rot. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2010; 26(1): 31-42. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Fattahi SH, Zafari DM, Mahmoudi SB. Evaluation of superior sugar beet genotypes for resistance to important root rot pathogens in the greenhouse, Journal of Sugar Beet. 2011; 27(1): 25-38. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Hanson LE and Hill AL. Fusarium species causing Fusarium yellows of sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research. 2004; 41: 163-178.
Hanson LE, Jacobsen BJ. Fusarium yellows. In: Harveson RM, Hanson LE, Hein GL (eds) Compendium of beet diseases and pests. 2nd edn. APS Press, St Paul, 2009; pp 28–29.
Hanson L, De Lucchi Ch, Stevanato P, McGrath M, Panella L, Sella L, De Biaggi M, Concheri G. Root rot symptoms in sugar beet lines caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017; 150: 589-593.
Harveson RM, Nielsen KA, Eskridge KM. Utilizing a preplant soil test for predicting and estimating root rot severity in sugar beet in the central high plains of the United States. Journal of American Phytopathology. Society. 2014; 98: 1248-1252.
Hecker RJ, Ruppel EG. Rhizoctonia root rot resistance in sugar beet: breeding and related research. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technology. 1977; 19:246-256.
Hill AL, Reeves PA, Larson RL, Fenwick AL, Hanson LE, Panella L. Genetic variability among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet. Plant Pathol. 2011; 60:496-505.
Irani H and Ershad J. Identification of fungi associated with root rot of sugar beet in West Azarbaijan. articles summeries of 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress.1995, Page 126.
Leslie JF, Summerell BA. The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Iowa. 2006.
Liu KH, Yeh YL, Shen WC. Fast preparation of fungal DNA for PCR screening. Journal of Microbiology Method. 2011;85(2):170–172.
Mahmoudi SB, Ghashghaie S. Reaction of sugar beet S1 lines and cultivars to different isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2IIIB. Euphytica. 2013; 190 (3):439-445.
Mahmoudi SB, Soltani J. Sugar beet root rot in Iran. Newsletter of Iranian Sugar Industries Research and Training Center. 2005; 16(178):14–18. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Mahmoudi SB, Mesbah M, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimi Koulaei H. Comparison of different methods for evaluation of resistance to Rhizoctonia root and crown rot in selected genotypes of sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2003; 19: 1- 22. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Mahmoudi SB, Mesbah M, Alizadeh A. Pathogenic variability of sugar beet isolates of Rhizoctonia solani. 2004. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 2004; 40(3, 4):253- 280. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Moshari S, Hemmati R, Mahmoudi SB, Chiodi C, Broccanello C, Squartini A, Concheri G, Stevanato P. Validation of two Fusarium oxysporum resistance-related SNPs in wild and cultivated beets. BETAnet meeting, Venice (Italy), June 18-20, 2018.
Panella L, Vagher T, Fenwick AL, Webb KM. Rhizoctonia crown and root rot resistance of Beta PIs from the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports. 2011; 5: FC067, doi: 10.1094/PDMR05.
Panella LW. Screening and utilizing Beta genetic resources with resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot and Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beet breeding program. International Crop Network Series. 1998; 12: 62- 72.
Ruppel EG. Correlation of cultural characters and sources of isolates with pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet. Phytopathology. 1972; 63:202– 205.
Skonieczek P, Nowakowski M, Piszczek J, Żurek M, Matyka L. Influence of selected Rhizoctonia solani isolates on sugar beet seedlings. Journal of plant Protection Research. 2016; 56 (2):116-121.
Sneh B, Jabaji-Hare S, Nette S, Dijste G. Rhizoctonia species, taxonomy, molecular biology, ecology, pathology and disease control. KA. 1996; 577p.
Soltani Nezhad S, Mahmoudi SB, Farokhi Nezhad RF. Characterization of sugar beet Rhizoctonia isolates in Iran. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2007; 46(2): 135-150. (in Persian, abstract in English)
Stamps DJ, Waterhouse GM, Newhook FJ, GS Hall. Revised tabular keyto the species of Phytophthora, Institute of Mycology. Agricultural Bureau of International Mycology Institute. 1990; 162.
Stevan M J, Vera BS, Ferenc FB. Sugarbeet root rot in drought conditions. Proceeding in National Science. 2005; 109, 103-111.
Stevanato P, Broccanello C, Pajola L, Biscarini F, Richards C, Panella L, Hassani M, Formentin E, Chiodi C, Concheri G, Heidari B. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identification of Mutations in Disease Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) in Wild and Cultivated Beets. Genes. 2017; 8: 264.
Taleghani FD, Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S, Mesbah M. Sugar Beet Research Strategic Paper. Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Ministry of Agriculture. 2010. Sugar Beet Seed Institute. (in Persian)
Whitney ED, Duffus JE. Compendium of beet diseases and insects. APS Press, USA. 1986.
چغندرقند
دوره 35، شماره 2
اسفند 1398
صفحه 121-139

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار