کنترل بیولوژیکی پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه چغندرقند در ایران

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

در این تحقیق، اثر آنتاگونیستی یازده جدایه متعلق به ده گونه قارچ تریکودرما شاملTrichoderma harzianum، T.atroviride(دو جدایه)،T. viride ، T. orientalis،T. citrinoviride، T.asperellum، T. spirale ،    T. crassum،T. psudokoningi  و T. ceramicum روی جدایه قارچ AG2-2 Rhizoctonia solani عامل پوسیدگی ریشه چغندرقند، در قالب طرح آماری کاملا تصادفی با یازده تیمار و چهار تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج این بررسی­ها نشان داد تمامی جدایه­های قارچ تریکودرما موجب کاهش یا توقف بیمارگر شدند و برترین اثرات آنتاگونیستی در آزمون کشت متقابل در جدایهZ1 T. harzianum مشاهده شد، بطوریکه این جدایه موجب 76/57 درصد بازدارندگی رشد میسیلیومی قارچ بیمارگر گردید. در آزمایش­های گلخانه­ای اثر چهار جدایه منتخب قارچ تریکودرما بر پوسیدگی ریشه چغندرقند (رقم شیرین) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این بررسی­ها نشان داد جدایه­های Z1 T. harzianum ، T. atroviride Z2 و T. orientalis Z4  به عنوان جدایه­های برتر به ترتیب موجب 71/1، 66/6 و 58/3 درصد کاهش شدت پوسیدگی ریشه گردیدند. در آزمایش­های مزرعه­ای (1392 تا 1393) در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، اثر جدایه­های برتر منتخب تریکودرما در مقایسه با تیمار قارچ­کش(کاربوکسین-تیرام) و تیمار شاهد بر درصد بروز و شدت بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه چغندرقند با انجام آلوده سازی مصنوعی بررسی شد. نتایج این بررسی­ها نشان داد، جدایه­های منتخب قارچ تریکودرما از نظر کنترل بیماری با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی­دار داشته و جدایهT. harzianum Z1  در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد موجب 66/4 درصد کاهش درصد بروز آلودگی و 56 درصد کاهش شدت بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه شده است. لذا این جدایه به عنوان موثرترین آنتاگونیست درکاهش بیماری پوسیدگی رایزوکتونیایی ریشه چغندرقند شناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biological control of rhizoctonia root rot in sugar beet in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Arjmandian 1
  • S. Mirzaei 2
  • D. Zafari 3
1 Instructor of Plant Protection Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant professor of Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Professor of Department Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina university, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, the antagonistic activities of eleven isolates belonging to 10 species of Trichoderma fungi including Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride (two isolates), T. viride, T. orientalis, T. citrinoviride, T. asperellum, T. spirale, T. crassum, T. pseudokoningi and T. ceramicum against rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, the causal agent of sugar beet root rot, were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications. Results showed that all Trichoderma isolates reduced the growth of pathogen significantly and the highest antagonistic effects were observed in dual culturing test in T. harzianum Z1 isolate, which caused 76.57% inhibition of pathogen mycelial growth. In greenhouse experiments, the efficacy of four selected Trichoderma isolates on sugar beet root rot control in Shirin cultivar was evaluated. Results showed that T. harzianum Z1, T. atroviride Z2, and T. orientalis Z4 caused 71.1, 66.6, and 58.3%  decrease in root rot severity, respectively. In field experiments (2013-14) conducted in Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, the effect of selected Trichoderma isolates in comparison with fungal treatment (carboxin-thiram) and control treatment on the occurrence and severity of root rot was evaluated through artificial contamination by Rhizoctonia solani. Results showed that selected Trichoderma isolates were significantly different in terms of disease control and T. harzianum Z1 isolate caused 66.4% reduction in the incidence of infection and 56% reduction in root rot severity compared with control. Therefore, this isolate is considered as the most effective antagonist in decreasing of Rhizoctonia root rot disease of sugar beet root.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antagonist
  • Biocontrol
  • Rhizoctonia solani
  • Sugar beet
  • Trichoderma

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چغندرقند
دوره 35، شماره 1
شهریور 1398
صفحه 63-79

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