مطالعه شرایط اقلیمی استان فارس برای توسعه کشت پاییزه چغندرقند با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکترای زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج ،ایران

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.

4 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج ،ایران

چکیده

 
شناسایی پهنه­های جدید تولید چغندرقند (Beta vulgaris L.) پاییزه که نسبت به کشت بهاره نیاز آبی کم­تری دارد، این امکان را به وجود می­آورد تا سطح زیر کشت این محصول نیز افزایش یابد. با شناسایی مناطق مناسب کشت پاییزه چغندرقند می‌توان درجهت تولید شکر با بهره­وری بیشتر از آب گام برداشت. بهترین و کم هزینه­ترین روش برای شناسایی مناطق مستعد کشت، استفاده از سیستم­های اطلاعات جغرافیایی می­باشد. جهت بررسی امکان کشت چغندرقند پاییزه در استان فارس و شناسایی مناطق مناسب کشت پاییزه در این استان به کمک داده­های اقلیمی و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)­ اطلاعات عناصر اقلیمی طولانی مدت نوزده ساله، شامل دما و بارش از 13 ایستگاه هواشناسی سینوپتیک استان فارس شامل اقلید، جهرم، زرین­دشت، فراشبند، فسا، فیروزآباد، قیر و کارزین، کازرون، لار، لامرد، نورآباد و نیریز در سال 95-94 جمع­آوری شد و سپس لایه­های اطلاعاتی مورد نیاز شامل شاخص­های واحدهای حرارت تجمعی، بهاره شدن، توده زیستی و ارتفاع برای این استان توسط سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی محاسبه گردید. لایه­های شیب و ارتفاع از مدل رقومی آن­ها استخراج شده و سپس نقشه پهنه‌بندی لایه­های مذکور و نقشه نهایی پهنه‌بندی با کمک روش سلسله مراتبی در محیط سیستم تحلیل اطلاعات مکانی (ArcGIS) رسم شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده مناطق مرکزی، شرقی، غربی و تا حدودی مناطق جنوبی شامل شهرستان­های فیروزآباد، فسا، نی­ریز، جهرم، فراشبند، زرین دشت، داراب، شیراز، قیروکارزین به عنوان مناطق با استعداد جهت کشت چغندرقند پاییزه شناسایی شدند. مناطق شمال غربی (کازرون)، جنوب شرقی (داراب، نی­ریز و حاجی­آباد) و مناطق جنوب و جنوب غربی (قیروکارزین، لار و لامرد) از نظر تعداد ساعات سرمای مؤثر با کم­تر از 140 ساعت مناسب کشت پاییزه چغندرقند بوده و ساعات سرمای مؤثر بین 170-140 ساعت را دریافت نمودند و جزء مناطق مساعد کشت پاییزه چغندرقند قلمداد شدند. در نهایت مناطق شمالی و حاشیه جنوبی استان فارس به عنوان مناطق نامناسب جهت کشت این محصول شناخته شدند و طبق نقشه نهایی پهنه‌بندی این استان 13 درصد اراضی بسیار مناسب، 23 درصد مناسب، 31 درصد متوسط و 33 درصد نامناسب جهت کشت چغندرقند پاییزه تخمین زده شدند. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق و شرایط آگروکلیمایی استان فارس، پهنه­بندی استان با استفاده از شاخص های اقلیمی دما و بارش انجام شد و مناطق مرکزی، شرقی، غربی و تا حدودی مناطق جنوبی استان فارس به عنوان مناطق مناسب کشت چغندرقند پاییزه معرفی گردیدند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the climatic condition of Fars province for the development of autumn-sown sugar beet planting using Geographic Information System (GIS)

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Adibifard 1
  • D. Habibi 2
  • M. Bazrafshan 3
  • D. Taleghani 4
  • M.N. Ilkaee 5
1 PhD Student Department of Agriculture Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Islamic Azad University of Karaj Branch, Iran
3 Assistant professor of Department of Sugar Beet Research, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
5 Assistant Professor of Department of Agriculture Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Identifying new areas for autumn-sown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production which requires less water than spring ones, has made it possible to increase the area under cultivation of ​​this crop. The best and least expensive way to identify suitable growing areas is the use of Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to identify the suitable areas for autumn-sown sugar beet planting in Fars province, long-term climatic data of 19-years up to 2016 including temperature and precipitation from 13 synoptic meteorological stations in Fars province including Eghlid, Jahrom, Zarin Dasht, Farashband, Fasa, Firoozabad, Qir&Karzin, Kazeroon, Lar, Lamerd, Nurabad and Nayriz were collected. Then, the required information layers including the characteristics of cumulative heat units, spring hours, biomass and altitude were calculated with GIS. Slope and altitude layers were extracted from their digital model, and the zoning map of the above-mantioned layers and the final zoning map were drawn using the hierarchical method in ArcGIS system environment. Based on the results, central, eastern, western and to some extent southern areas including Firoozabad, Fasa, Nayriz, Jahrom, Farashband, Zarrin Dasht, Darab, and Qir&Karzin were identified as potential areas for autumn-sown sugar beet planting. Northwestern (Kazeroon), Southeast (Darab, Neyriz and Hajiabad) and Southern and Southwestern areas (Qir&Karzin, Lar, and Lamerd) received between 140-170 hours in terms of the number of effective cold hours and were considered as favorable areas for autumn-sown sugar beet planting. The northern and southern margin of Fars province were identified as unsuitable areas for sugar beet planting. According to the province's final zoning map, 13% of the land was highly suitable, 23% was suitable, 31% was medium, and 33% was unsuitable for autumn-sown sugar beet planting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autumn planting
  • Bolting
  • GIS
  • Vernalization
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