تاثیر بیماری لکه‌برگی سرکوسپورایی بر روی رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی-اکسیدانت ارقام مختلف چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی، محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی ، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

4 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

5 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

لکه­برگی سرکوسپورایی از مهم­ترین و شایع­ترین بیماری­های برگی در چغندرقند می­باشد که موجب ایجاد خسارت در این گیاه می­شود. این مطالعه به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه انجام شد. هدف این پژوهش، پیدا کردن شاخص­هایی برای تمایز بین ارقام حساس و متحمل چغندرقند به بیماری لکه­برگی سرکوسپورایی بود. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل 11 رقم چغندرقند و آلودگی و عدم آلودگی به بیماری لکه­برگی سرکوسپورایی بود. صفات مورد اندازه­گیری شامل رنگدانه­های اصلی فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیلb، کلروفیل کل، نسبت رنگدانه­ ها)، رنگدانه­های کمکی (کارتنوئیدها، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانین­ ها) و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی‌اکسیدانت کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و پلی­فنل­اکسیداز و اندام هوایی و وزن خشک ریشه بود. نتایج حاصل از بررسی رنگدانه­های اصلی فتوسنتز نشان داد که بیماری باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل a و به‌تبع آن موجب کاهش کلروفیل کل می­شود. مقدار رنگدانه­های کمکی فتوسنتز به جز کارتنوئیدها با پیشرفت بیماری در گیاهان آلوده افزایش یافت. همچنین بیماری لکه­برگی­سرکوسپورایی باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و پلی­فنل‌اکسیداز و نیز کاهش وزن خشک اندام هوایی و افزایش ریشه شد. نتایج نشان داد، رقم HI 0063 به عنوان رقم حساس، زودتر از بقیه ارقام به لکه­برگی سرکوسپورایی مبتلا گردید و کاهش وزن خشک بیشتری در برگ نسبت به بقیه ارقام داشت، همچنین وزن بوته­ ها در این رقم نسبت به سایر ارقام مورد مطالعه بالاتر بود و میزان کلروفیل a و فلاونوئیدهای برگ بیشتری داشت. میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانت رقم HI 0063 نسبت به رقم متحمل بیشتر بود. رقم Yasmene به ­عنوان متحمل­ترین رقم نسبت به سایر ارقام دیرتر علایم بیماری را نشان داد و کمترین کاهش وزن خشک برگ را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Cercospora leaf spot on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activity of different sugar beet cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra joudi 1
  • Mahdi Davari 2
  • Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh 3
  • Ali Ebadi 4
  • Ghasem Parmoon 5
1 Former M.Sc. Student of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
4 Professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
5 PhD student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Cercospora leaf spot is one of the most important and common leaf diseases of sugar beet which causes several damages. This study aimed to find indices to distinguish susceptible and tolerant to cercosporaleaf spot sugar beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete block design under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Treatments included 11 sugar beet genotypes and contamination and non-contamination to cercospara leaf spot disease treatments. Different traits such as main photosynthetic pigmants (cholorophyll a, b, total cholorophyll and pigment ratio), auxiliary pigments (carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins) and antioxidant enzymes activity such as catalase, proxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and shoot and root dry weight were measured. Results of the main photosynthetic pigments evaluation showed that the disease reduced the chlorophyll a and b  and consequently total chlorophyll content. The amount of photosynthetic auxiliary pigments, except carotenoids, increased as the disease progressed in infected plants. Cercospora leaf spot increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and decreased dry weight of shoot and increased root dry weight with control. Cultivar HI0063 was affected by the disease earlier than other cultivars, and had a higher dry weight loss than other cultivars; also plant weight in this cultivar was higher than other cultivars and higher level of chlorophyll a and flavonoids was seen. The level of antioxidant enzyme activity of HI0063 was higher than the tolerant cultivar. Yasmeneas cultivar as the most tolerant cultivar showed the diseases symptoms later compared with other cultivars with the lowest leaf dry wieght reduction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • catalase
  • Chlorophyll a
  • Protein content
  • Root dry weight
  • sugar beet

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چغندرقند
دوره 34، شماره 1
مرداد 1397
صفحه 75-91

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