واکنش صفات کمی و کیفی ژنوتیپ های چغندرقند به تاریخ های مختلف کاشت و برداشت

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،واحد تبریز،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،واحد تبریز،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران

3 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندر قند ،سازمان تحقیقات ،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج،ایران

5 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات،واحد تبریز،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز،ایران

چکیده

در مناطق نیمه‎خشک (مانند ایران)، آب عمده‎ترین عامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد چغندرقند محسوب می‎شود. از جمله روش‎های کاهش مصرف آب در زراعت چغندرقند می‎توان به اصلاح رقم‎هایی با قابلیت‎انعطاف طول دوره رشد بسته به شرایط محیطی اشاره کرد. این مطالعه طی دو سال زراعی 1394 و 1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات چغندرقند مرحوم مطهری به‎صورت اسپلیت‎فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. کرت‎های اصلی به تاریخ‎کاشت (شامل دو سطح دهه سوم فروردین و دهه اول تیر) و ترکیب فاکتوریل سه تاریخ‎برداشت (بیستم مهر، دهم و سی‎ام آبان) و شش رقم شامل هیبریدهای امیدبخش (7112*261)*5RR-87-HF.33 و 261*276.P.77.SP.19 و رقم‎های تجارتی پارس، جلگه، پایا و IR7 به‎عنوان کرت‎های فرعی درنظر گرفته شدند. پتانسیل تولید محصول ریشه و شکرخام بهازای هر هفته تأخیر در کاشت معادل 8/3-5/3 درصد کمتر شد. معنی‎دار شدن اثرمتقابل تاریخ‎کاشت × ژنوتیپ در سطح احتمال پنج درصد نشان داد واکنش ژنوتیپ‎های مختلف نسبت به کوتاه شدن دوره رشد متفاوت است. ژنوتیپ‎های برتر برای کشت دیرهنگام از طریق ترکیب دو مؤلفه کمترین واکنش به تأخیر در کاشت و در عین حال، بیشترین عملکرد در شرایط کشت دیرهنگام به‎ترتیب از لحاظ عملکرد ریشه رقم‎های پایا، IR7 و پارس، عملکرد شکرخام رقم‎های IR7 و پایا بودند. باوجود آن‎که اثر مستقیم تاریخ‎برداشت بر عملکرد ریشه و شکرخامو عیار قند به‎واسطه معنی‎دار شدن اثرمتقابل سال × تاریخ‎ برداشت، معنی‎دار نشد اما در مجموع طی سال 1394 به‎تأخیر انداختن ‎برداشت از بیستم مهر به دهم آبان موجب افزایش 21و38 درصدی عملکرد ریشه و شکرخام و هم‎چنین افزایش 72/1 واحدی عیار قند شد. بنابراین، تاریخ برداشت دهم آبان، مناسب‎ترین زمان برداشت چغندرقند در منطقه کرج محسوب می‎شود. عدم تأثیر معنی‎دار اثرمتقابل تاریخ‎کاشت × تاریخ‎برداشت بر صفات مختلف نشان داد نمی‎توان با به‎تعویق انداختن تاریخ‎برداشت، اثرات تأخیر در کاشت را جبران کرد. در مجموع، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد به‎ازای هر روز تعجیل در کاشت (حدفاصل دهه سوم فروردین و دهه اول تیر)، عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد شکرخام به‎ترتیب معادل 400 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‎ازای هر روز به‎‎تعویق انداختن برداشت (حدفاصل بیستم مهر تا دهم آبان)، صفات یادشده به‎ترتیب معادل 370 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش می‎یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet genotypes to different sowing and harvest dates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hedayat vahidi 1
  • Bahram Mirshekari 2
  • S. Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 3
  • Abazar Rajabi 4
  • mehrdad yarnia 5
1 PhD student Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Profeesor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran
4 Associate ProfeesorSugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
5 - Profeesor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In semi-arid regions e.g. Iran, water is the major limiting factor for the growth and yield of sugar beet. Development of cultivars with flexible growth period, dependent on the environmental condition, is one of the methods to reduce water usage for sugar beet cultivation. The present study was performed in Sugar Beet Research Station of Motahhari, Karaj, Iran as a split factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications in two years (2015-16). Main plots were devoted to sowing date (mid-April and late-June), and sub-plots to the factorial combinations of three harvest dates (12 October, 1 November, and 21 November) and six genotypes including promising hybrids (7112*261)*5RR-87-HF.33 and 261*276.P.77.SP.19 and commercial cultivars Pars, Jolgeh, Paya and IR7. Potential root yield (RY) and sugar yield (SY) was reduced by 3.5-3.8% per week owing to delay in sowing. The significance of sowing date × genotype interaction (P<0.05) highlights diverse response of various genotypes to the shortening of the growth period. Superior genotypes for delayed planting were identified based on the combination of two components of the least response to delayed sowing as well as achieving the highest yield under delayed sowing condition in terms of SY as Paya, IR7, and Pars. Although the direct effect of harvest date on RY, SY, and sugar content (SC) was not significant due to the significant interaction of year × harvest date, however in general, it increased RY, SY, and SC by 21, 38, and 1.72 %, respectively via delaying the harvest date from 12 October to 1 November 1 in 2015. Therefore, the harvest date of 1 November was the most suitable time for sugar beets harvest in Karaj region. Non-significant interaction between sowing and harvest date for various studied traits indicated that the impacts of delay in sowing cannot be offset by delay in harvest. Overall, results showed that by each single day advancement in sowing (between mid-April and late-June) RY and SY increased by 400 and 50 kg ha-1, respectively and for each day delay in harvest (between 12 October  and 1 November) RY and SY were increased by 370 and 100 kg ha-1, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sugar beet
  • sugar
  • Root yield
  • spring sowing
  • Summer sowing

مراجع

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چغندرقند
دوره 34، شماره 1
مرداد 1397
صفحه 1-15

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