کُنش پیوسته علف‌کش‌های انتخابی چغندرقند در علف‌های‌هرز خرفه و سلمه‌تره

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم علف‌های‌هرز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، ایران.

3 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

کاربرد موفقیت آمیز علف​کش​ها برای کنترل انتخابی و اقتصادی علف​های​هرز بدون آسیب به محیط و گیاه زراعی یکی از موفقیت­های مهم در کشاورزی مدرن محسوب می​شود. به­منظور پیش‌بینی اثرات افزایشی، هم­افزاییویا هم­کاهی اختلاط دو به دو علف​کش­های دس­مدیفام+ فن­مدیفام+ اتوفومیست، کلریدازون و کلوپیرالید با استفاده از مدل دُز افزایشی (ADM)، دو آزمایش در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 105 تیمار و سه تکرار برای هر یک از علف­های­ هرز خرفه و سلمه­ تره درگلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1392 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل هفت دُز خالص علف­کش­های فوق برای پنج نسبت اختلاط0:100، 25:75، 50:50، 75:25 و 100:0 و سه تیمار شاهد برای هر یک از نسبت‌های علف­­کشی بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اختلاط دو به دوی علف­کش­ها وابستگی شدیدی به عوامل مختلفی ازجمله نوع گونۀ علف­هرز دارد. به طوری که هر یک از گونه­ها با داشتن خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولویکی مختلف، اثر متقاوتی را بروز دادند. بر این اساس، اختلاطعلف­کش دس­مدیفام + فن­مدیفام + اتوفومیست و علف­کش کلوپیرالید در علف‌های­هرز خرفه و سلمه­تره براساس مدل ADM، هم­افزایی بود. همچنین، علف­کش­های دس­مدیفام + فن­مدیفام + اتوفومیست و کلریدازون نیز دارای اثر هم­افزایی در کنترل علف­های­هرز خرفه و سلمه­تره مطابق با مدل ADMبودند. اختلاط علف­کش کلریدازون با علف­کش کلوپیرالید دارای اثر افزایشی در علف­هرز خرفه و اثر هم­کاهی در علف­هرز سلمه­تره بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Joint action of sugar beet selective herbicides in Portulaca oleracea L. and Chenopodium album L. weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Chitband 1
  • M. Nabizade 2
  • R. Ghorbani 3
1 Assistant Professor of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University of Iran.
2 MSC. of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Professor of Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The successful application of herbicides for selective and economic control of weeds without damage to both the environment and crop is one of the important achievements in modern agriculture. In order to predict the additive, synergistic and orthogonal effects of binary mixtures of desmedipham+ phenmedipham+ ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid herbicides based on Additive Dose Model (ADM), two greenhouse experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with 105 treatments and three replications for Chenopodium album L. and Portulaca oleracea L. weeds in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Experimental treatments consisted of seven herbicides with five mixing ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50: 50, 75:25, 100:0 and three control treatments for each of the herbicide ratio. Results showed that the binary mixture of herbicides has a strong dependence on various factors such as weed species so that each species showed different response with different morphological and physiological characteristics. Accordingly, the mixture of desmedipham+ phenmedipham+ ethofumesate and clopyralid based on ADM model was synergistic. Also desmedipham+ phenmedipham+ ethofumesate, and chloridazon herbicides mixture had synergistic effect on weed control based on ADM model. In contrast, chloridazon and clopyralid herbicides mixture had additive effect on Portulaca oleracea L. and synergistic effect on Chenopodium album L. control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive dose model
  • Desmedipham+ phenmedipham+ ethofumesate
  • Synergism

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چغندرقند
دوره 34، شماره 1
مرداد 1397
صفحه 93-109

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