سطوح بهینه زادمایه جهت ارزیابی مقاومت به نماتد مولد گره ریشه چغندرقند در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات چغندرقند

3 استاد گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 دانشیار گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،

چکیده

چغندرقند یکی از گیاهان میزبان گونه­های مختلف نماتد مولد گره ریشه است. در این مطالعه، ابتدا تأثیر شش سطح زادمایه 250+250، 500، 500+250، 750، 500+500 و تعداد 1000 لارو سن دوم Meloidogyne javanica در 450 سانتی­متر مکعب خاک، روی رقم حساس جلگه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی سطوح زادمایه قادر به آلوده کردن بوته­های چغندرقند بودند و از نظر تعداد گره­های حاصل از مایه­زنی طی یک یا دو نوبت، اختلاف آماری وجود نداشت. بنابراین، 500 لارو سن دوم نماتد مولد گره ریشه کمترین سطح زادمایه است که قادر به آلوده کردن چغندرقند در شرایط گلخانه می­باشد. در آزمایش دوم تیمار مطلوب، بر روی دو رقم جلگه (حساس به نماتد مولد گره ریشه) و پائولتا (رقم تجاری مقاوم به نماتد سیستی چغندرقند) و هفت خانواده نیمه­خواهری که از یک جمعیت (SB33) مقاوم به نماتد مولد گره ریشه منشأ گرفته بودند مایه­زنی شدند تا عمومی بودن تیمار مناسب غربال­گری، بررسی شود. تعداد گره­های تشکیل شده روی ریشه ملاک ارزیابی مقاومت بود. بر اساس نتایح حاصله رقم جلگه با میانگین گره­ بالای 100 عدد جزو گیاهان حساس و هفت خانواده نیمه­خواهری جمعیت SB33 با میانگین تعداد گره­ کمتر از یک، جزو گیاهان مقاوم دسته­بندی شدند. رقم تجارتی پائولتا که به نماتد سیستی چغندرقند مقاوم بود به نماتد مولد گره ریشه حساسیت بالایی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal inoculum levels for the resistance screening of sugar beet to root- knot nematode under greenhouse condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Bakooie 1
  • S.B. Mahmoudi 2
  • E. Pourjam 3
  • N. Safaie 4
1 Ph.D Candidate of Dep. Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
2 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Iran
3 Professor of Dep. Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
4 Associate professor of Dep. Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is one of the hosts for different root-knot nematode species. In this study, firstly the effect of different inoculum levels including 250+250, 500, 500+250, 750, 500+500 and 1000 second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica were evaluated on a susceptible variety named Jolgeh. The results showed that all inoculum levels were suitable for infection on sugar beet plants and that the gall numbers at one and two time inoculations were not statistically different (p≥0.01). Therefore, 500 second stage juvenile of root-knot nematode was the lowest inoculum level that could be used to infect sugar beet plants in the greenhouse. In the second experiment, the best treatment was applied on Jolgeh (susceptible to root-knot nematode) and Pauletta (commercial resistant variety to cyst nematode) varieties and also seven half-sib families derived from SB33 population (carrying root-knot nematode resistance gene), to evaluate its generalization for screening of resistant/susceptible genotypes. The total number of root galls was taken as nematode resistance criterion. Results showed that Jolgeh and Pauletta varieties with average number of more than 100 galls were considered as highly susceptible varieties whereas the seven half-sib families with average number of 10 galls (<10)were classified as resistant varieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal inoculum level
  • resistance
  • Root-knot nematode
  • sugar beet

مراجع

Akhiyani A, Damadzadeh M, Ahmadi AR. Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in sugar beet fields in Esfahan. Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Guilan University, Rasht Iran. 1993. P. 123.
Araujo MT, Dickson DW, Augustine JJ, Bassett MJ. Optimum initial inoculum levels for evaluation of resistance in tomato to Meloidogyne spp. at two different soil temperature. Journal of Nematology. 1982; 14(4): 536-540.
Arnold ES. Nematode parasites of sugar beet. In: W.R. Nickle, eds. Plant and Insect Nematodes. New York, Marcel Decker Inc. 1984; pp. 507-569.
Di Vito M. Reaction of Beta spp. to root knot nematodes. Journal of Nematology. 1983; 15(1): 144-145.
Ehwaeti ME, Phillips MS, Trudgill DL. The viability of Meloidogyne incognita eggs released from egg masses of different ages using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Nematologica. 1998; 44: 207-217.
Franklin MT. Economic importance of Meloidogyne in temperature climates. In: F. Lamberti and C.E. Taylor, eds. Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species) Systematic, Biology and Control. London and New York: Academic Press. 1979. pp. 331-339.
Gohar IMA, Maareg MF. Effect of inoculum level, type, plant age and assessment date on evaluating sugar beet resistance methods for root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2009; 34(5): 5401-5419.
Hashmi G, Huettel RN, Hammerschlac FA, Krusberg LR. Optimal levels of Meloidogyne incognita inoculum for infection of tomato and peach in vitro. Journal of Nematology. 1994; 26(4): 531-534.
Hussey RS. Janssen GJW. Root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne species. In: J.L. Starr, R. Cook and J. Bridge, eds. Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes. CABI publishing, Wallingford, UK. 2002; pp. 43-70.
Ibrahim IKA. Nematode Parasites of Field and Horticulture Crops. (In Arabic). Dar El-Maaref, Alexandria, Egypt. 2004; 330 pp.
Ismail AE, Aboul-Eid HZ, Besheit SY. Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on growth response and technological characters of certain sugar beet varieties. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology. 1996; 6(2): 195-202.
Janati A, Aouragh EH, Meskine M. The root- knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in Morocco. 3th Research and Planning Conference on Root Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne spp. Coimbra, Portugal; 1982. P. 85-93
Jatala P, Jensen HJ. Self-interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Heterodera schachtii on Beta vulgaris. Journal of Nematology. 1976; 8(1): 43-48.
Jepsen SB. Identification of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne) species, CABI international Wallingford, UK. 1987; 265 pp.
Karegar A. Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sugar beet and their distribution in Hamadan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 2006; 42(1): 159-178. (in Persian).
Korayem AM, El-Bassiouny HMS, Abd El-Monem AA, Mohamed MMM.  Physiological and biochemical changes in different sugar beet genotypes infected with root-knot nematode. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum.  2012; 34: 1847-1861.
Maareg MF, Hassanein MA, Allam AI, Oteifa BA. Susceptibility of twenty six sugar beet varieties to root knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in the newly reclaimed sandy soils of Al-Bostan region. Egyptical Journal of Agronematology. 1998; 2(1): 111-125.
Mehdikhani Moghadam E, Kheiri A, Okhovat M. Morphological and morphometrical study of three endoparasitic nematodes of sugar beet in Mashhad region. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 1996; 32(1-2): 1-15. (in Persian).
Niknam G, Kheiri A. Identification of plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) in Moghan fields. Journal of Agricultural Science. 1996; 7(1,2): 1-33.
Omidvar AM. Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Behavior, Biology, Systematics and their Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 1968; 192 pp.
Ommati F, Giti M. Identification and spread of sugar beet parasitic nematodes of Semnan province. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran. 2010. P. 5495.
Panella L, Lewellen RT. Broadening the genetic base of sugar beet: introgression from wild relatives. Euphytica. 2007; 154: 383-400.
Pathak KN, Keshari N. Effect of inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1949) Chitwood, 1919, on seed germination, seedling emergence and plant growth of red beet (Beta vulgaris var. crassa). Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 2000; 6(2): 118-123.
Taylor AL, and Sasser JN. Biology, Identification and Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species). Raleigh: North Carolina State University Graphics. 1978. 111 pp.
Weiland JJ, Yu MH. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker associated with root-knot nematode resistance in sugar beet. Crop Science. 2003; 43: 1814-1818.
Whitehead AG. The distribution of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. in tropical Africa. Nematologica. 1969; 15: 315-333.
Whitney ED, Duffus E. Compendium of Beet Disease and Insects. APS Press, USA. 1986; 76 pp.
Yu MH, Heijbroek W, Pakish LM. The sea beet source of resistance to multiple species of root-knot nematode. Euphytica. 1999; 108: 151-155.
Yu MH, Lewellen RT. Registration of root-knot nematode resistant sugar beet germplasm M6-2. Crop Science. 2004; 44: 1502-1503.
Yu MH. Development of root-knot nematode resistant sugar beet.  1st Joint IIRB-ASSBT Congress, 26th Feb.-1st March. USA: San Antonio; 2003; pp. 763-65
Yu MH. Root-knot nematode development and root gall formation in sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research. 1995; 32(1): 47-58.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار