تنوع خفتگی و جوانه‌زنی بذر اکوتیپ‌های سس زراعی (Cuscuta campestris Y.) و قدرت تهاجمی اکوتیپ‌ها در چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هئیت علمی موسسه تحقیقات چغندرقند

2 استاد دانشگاه

3 معاون وزیر و رئیس سازمان تحقیقات کشاورزی

4 عضو هیئت علمی

چکیده

بررسی خصوصیات بیولوژیکی سس زراعی بعنوان مهمترین علف­هرز انگلی چغندرقند از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. به­منظور بررسی وضعیت جوانه­زنی و خفتگی بذر، بذور10 اکوتیپ سس زراعی از مزارع چغندرقند آلوده در اردبیل، آذربایجان غربی، قزوین، خراسان و البرز در سال 1392 جمع­آوری و درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی آن­ها اندازه­گیری شد. تاثیر مدت نگهداری بذر در انبار و همچنین تیمار بذر با اسیدسولفوریک­غلیظ (98٪) بر وضعیت خواب و خصوصیات جوانه زنی بذر اکوتیپ­ها، در محیط ژرمیناتور و قدرت آلوده­کنندگی اکوتیپ­ها بر روی چغندرقند در محیط گلخانه بررسی شد. آزمایشات انجام شده در آزمایشگاه (با چهار تکرار) و در محیط گلخانه (با سه تکرار) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. بین اکوتیپ­ها در همه صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی­دار (P≤0.01) وجود داشت. حداقل و حداکثر درصد جوانه­زنی قبل از تیمار بذر با اسید به ترتیب 3 و 29 درصد و بعد از تیمار با اسید، به­ترتیب 13 و 87 درصد بود. بیشترین تأثیر تیمار با اسید بر شکست خواب بذر، در اکوتیپ پارس­آباد مغان مشاهده شد. اکوتیپ جمع­آوری شده از جهان­آباد قزوین، به تیمار با اسید عکس­العمل منفی نشان داد و درصد جوانه­زنی آن کاهش یافت. نگهداری بذر به مدت یکسال تأثیرمعنی‌داری بر شکست خواب نداشت. اختلاف طول گیاهچه، وزن تر و خشک هزار ژرم (هزار گیاهچه) اکوتیپ­ها در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار شد. کمترین طول گیاهچه و وزن خشک هزار ژرم به­ترتیب با 3/2 سانتی­متر و 0/09گرم مربوط به اکوتیپ جهان­آباد قزوین بود. قدرت آلوده­کنندگی اکوتیپ­ها نیز با همدیگر متفاوت و اختلافات با احتمال 99درصد معنی­دار بود. اکوتیپ­های تهیه شده از ارومیه و مشکین دشت البرز به­ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین قدرت آلوده کنندگی چغندرقند را داشتند. با توجه به این­که رفتارهای بیولوژیکی اکوتیپ­های سس از الگوی ثابتی پیروی نکرد،­ لذا شناخت خصوصیات بیولوژیکی آن­ها می تواند در پیشرفت برنامه­های مدیریتی کنترل این علف­هرز مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Variation in dormancy, seed germination and aggressiveness of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Y.) ecotypes in sugar beet

چکیده [English]

In this study, 10 ecotypes of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Y.) collected from infected sugar beet fields in Ardabil, West Azerbaijan, Qazvin, Khorasan Razavi and Alborz provinces were evaluated for germination rate and percentage. The effects of seed storage duration and scarification with sulfuric acid 98% on seed dormancy and germination characteristics of the ecotypes were studied in the growth chamber and their ability to infect sugar beet was studied in the greenhouse. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with four and three replications in the growth chamber and greenhouse, respectively. Significant difference (p ≤0.01) was observed among the ecotypes for all studied traits. The minimum and maximum germination percentage of the ecotypes before sulfuric acid treatment was 3 and 29%, and after treatment reached to 13 and 87%, respectively. The highest impact of acid treatment was observed in the ecotype collected from Parsabad, Moghan. The ecotype collected from Jahanabad, Qazvin, showed negative response to acid treatment and its germination decreased. Seed storage for one year did not influence the seed dormancy break. There was significant difference (p ≤0.01) among the ecotypes for seedling length, fresh and dry weight of 1000-germ (1000-seedling). The minimum seedling length (3.2 cm) and dry weight of 1000-germ (0.09g) was observed in Jahanabad ecotype. The ecotypes were also significantly different (p ≤0.01) for aggressiveness and infection. Ecotypes collected from Urmia and Meshkindasht of Alborz had the maximum and minimum aggressiveness, respectively. Although, the biological behavior of the parasitic dodder weed did not follow a constant pattern, identification of their biological characteristics can be useful in the progress of management programs to control the weed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aggressiveness
  • dodder
  • germination
  • Seed dormancy
  • sugar beet
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