اثر سطوح مختلف پتاسیم و نیتروژن بر عملکردهای کمی و کیفی چغندرقند در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مسئول آزمایشگاه

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران.

3 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،ایران

چکیده

برآورد نیاز غذایی چغندرقند به دو عنصر پرمصرف نیتروژن و پتاسیم در شرایط تنش خشکی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. برای این منظور ژنوتیپ متحمل به خشکی BP کرج به‌صورت آزمایش اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار طی سه سال در ایستگاه مهندس مطهری کرج مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل: آبیاری بدون اعمال تنش (شاهد)، آبیاری با تنش اول فصل و آبیاری با تنش در طول فصل رشد، در کرت اصلی بود. 12 تیمار ترکیبی با چهار سطح نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره (0، 50، 100، و 150) و سه سطح پتاسیم از منبع سولفات پتاسیم (0، 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند خالص از تیمار آبیاری شاهد به‌ترتیب به میزان 43/49 و 94/5 تن در هکتار بدست آمد. عملکرد ریشه در تیمارهای تنش اول فصل و تنش در طول فصل به‌ترتیب 84/39 و 85/34 تن در هکتار بوده که به ترتیب 19 و 30 درصد کاهش عملکرد نسبت به تیمار آبیاری شاهد نشان دادند. اثر متقابل نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر عملکرد ریشه، قند ناخالص و قندخالص در سطح اطمینان پنج درصد ( P<0.05) معنی­دار بود. مناسب‌ترین ترکیب کود نیتروژن و پتاسیم تحت شرایط این آزمایش جهت دستیابی به بیشترین عملکرد قند خالص و بالاترین راندمان مصرف آب، 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص و 100 کیلوگرم پتاسیم خالص در هکتار بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of different nitrogen and potassium levels on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Noshad 1
  • R. Mohammadian 2
  • S. Khayamim 3
1 Instructor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran.
چکیده [English]

In drought stress condition, it is important to estimate the N and K requirement of sugar beet. A drought-tolerant sugar beet genotype, BP Karaj, was evaluated in split plot factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Motahari Research Station, Karaj, Iran for three years. Main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including normal irrigation (control), irrigation with early season drought stress imposition, and irrigation with drought stress imposition during the growing season. Subplots were allocated to four N levels including 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 and three N levels including 0 (control), 100, and 200 kg ha-1. The highest root yield (49.43 ha-1) and white sugar yield (5.94 t ha-1) in irrigated condition were obtained in control treatment. Root yield under drought stress imposed early season and during the growing season was 39.84 and 34.85 t ha-1, respectively, which showed 19 and 30% decrease compared with the control irrigation treatment, respectively. The effect of N and K interaction on root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield was significant (p < 0.05). The optimum levels of N and K treatments for obtaining the highest white sugar yield and water use efficiency were 150 kg ha-1 N and 100 kg ha-1 K, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought Stress
  • Macro-elements
  • Root yield
  • Sugar yield
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