اثر اندازۀ بذر ارقام مختلف بر برخی خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و بنیه گیاهچه چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

     ببه­منظور تعیین اثر اندازۀ بذر ارقام چغندرقند بربرخی خصوصیات مرتبط با جوانه­زنی و بنیۀ گیاهچه، پژوهشی به‎صورت فاکتوریل6×4 (شش رقم و چهار اندازه بذری) برپایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال کرج در سال1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل ارقام توکان، دوروتیا، رستا، تربت، پارس و شریف و اندازۀ پهنای بذر 2، 3، 3/25 و 3/5 میلی‌متر بودند. ابتدا طبق دستورالعمل انجمن بین­المللی آزمون بذر(ISTA) نمونه50 گرمی بذر هر رقم با استفاده از غربال­های مناسب به اندازه قطر بذرهای مورد بررسی تفکیک و وزن1000 دانه بذر نمونه هر تیمار تعیین شد. سپس به‌طور تصادفی چهار تکرار50 تایی بذر انتخاب و در دمای20 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد به مدت چهار ساعت با دستگاه شسته شدند. برای انجام آزمون جوانه­زنی استاندارد، بذرها در کاغذ جوانه­زنی چین‏دار مرطوب کاشته شده و درون ژرمیناتور با دمای25 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد به­مدت14 روز قرار گرفتند. سپس درصدجوانه‌زنی نهایی، درصد ­گیاهچه عادی، سرعت، متوسط زمان و یکنواختی جوانه­زنی تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرمتقابل رقم در اندازه بذر بر وزن1000دانه، درصد جوانه­زنی نهایی، سرعت، متوسط زمان و یکنواختی جوانه­زنی معنی­دار بود. هم‎چنین میانگین درصد گیاهچه‎های عادی در ارقام مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­دار داشت. با کاهش اندازه بذر ارقام مورد بررسی سرعت جوانه­زنی افزایش و متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد در بین ارقام مورد مقایسه به­ترتیب رقم شریف و تربت ازنظر قابلیت جوانه­زنی و بنیه گیاهچه از سایر ارقام به صورت معنی­دار برتر بودند. هم‎چنین بذرهای رقم رستا با اندازه قطر دو میلی­متر و شریف با اندازه 3/5 میلی­متر از خصوصیات جوانه­زنی و بنیه گیاهچه بالاتری برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed size of sugar beet varieties on some germination characters and seedling vigor

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Hamidi 1
  • M.A. Chegini 2
1 Assistant professor of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute(SPCRI)- , Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)- Iran
چکیده [English]

To determine the effect of seed size of sugar beet cultivars on germination and seedling vigor, a study was conducted as a 4×6 factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 4 replications at Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj in 2013. The treatments were Toucan, Dorotea, Rasta, Sharif, Pars, and Torbat cultivars and four seed width sizes including 2, 3, 3.25 and 3.5 mm. Based on International Seed Testing Association protocol, 50 g seed sample from each cultivar was passed through sieves and separated into different seed diameters and 1000-seed weight was measured. Then, four replications of 50 seeds each were randomly selected and washed at 20 C° for four hours. For standard seedling germination test, seeds were planted in moistened pleated germination paper and placed in germinator at 25 C° for 14 days. Final germination, normal seedlings percentage, germination rate, mean time and germination uniformity were determined. Results showed that cultivar × seed size interaction had significant effect on 1000-seed weight, final germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, and coefficient of germination uniformity. Also, cultivars significantly differed for normal seedling percentage. With reduction in cultivar seed size, germination rate increased and mean germination time decreased. Among the studied cultivars, Sharif and Torbat had significantly higher seedling germination and vigor compared with the other cultivars, respectively. Rasta and Sharif with 2 and 3.5 mm seed size, respectively, had higher germination and seedling vigor compared with the other cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Monogerm cultivar
  • Seed germination
  • Seed size
  • seedling vigor

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