تأثیر سطوح کود نیتروژن و کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان-ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان- ایران

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب در شرایط اقلیمی خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایران، کم‌آبیاری یکی از راه‌کارهای استفاده بهینه آب و صرفه‌جویی مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی است. این پژوهش به‌منظور تعیین عملکرد گیاه چغندرقند تحت تنش آبی و سطوح کود نیتروژنی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های خردشده بر مبنای بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. بلوک‌های اصلی شامل: تیمارهای آبیاری معمولی (CI)، کم‌آبیاری ناقص ریشه در سه سطح 85 (PRD85)، 75 (PRD75) و 65 درصد (PRD65) و کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده در سه سطح 85 (RDI85)، 75 (RDI75) و 65 درصد (RDI65) نیاز آبی گیاه و بلوک‌های فرعی شامل: دو سطح 100 (f100) و 75 درصد (f75) نیاز کودی، بود. مقدار آب آبیاری در تیمار CI، 976 میلی‌متر شد. نتایج نشان داد بین تیمارهای آبیاری به‌لحاظ کلیه صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. تاثیر تیمارهای کودی بر عملکرد ریشه، عیار و عملکرد قند خالص معنی‌دار بود. بین تیمارهای آبیاری بیشترین عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند خالص به‌ترتیب با 47/7 و 6/8 tonn ha-1  به تیمار CI مربوط شد. گرچه اختلاف آن با تیمار PRD85 به‌ترتیب با 45/4 و 6/7ton ha-1 7/6 معنی‌دار نبود. کمترین این عملکردها با 1/26 و ton ha-1 9/3 به تیمار RDI65 اختصاص داشت. تیمار کودی f100 دارای عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند خالص (5/39 و ton ha-1 8/5) بیشتری نسبت به تیمار  f75 ( و37/1 و 5/6 ton ha-1 ) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jovzi 1
  • H. Zare Abyaneh 2
1 Phd student of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Associate Prof. of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid climate of Iran has made deficit irrigation as a strategy for optimal water use and conservation in agricultural sector. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of water-deficit stress and N fertilizer levels on sugar beet performance. The study was conducted in split block design based on randomized complete block design arrangement. The row factor consisted of normal irrigation (NI), three partial root drying levels including 85% (PRD85), 75% (PRD75) and 65% (PRD65) and regulated deficit irrigation including 85% (RDI85), 75% (RDI75) and 65% of the crop water requirement (RDI65) and column factor consisted of two N fertilizer levels including 100% (f100) and 75% of fertilizer requirement (f75). The amount of irrigation water in NI treatment was 976 mm. Results showed significant differences among irrigation treatments for all traits. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments had significant effect on root yield, sugar content, and white sugar yield. The highest root yield (47.7 t.ha-1) and white sugar yield (6.8 t.ha-1) were observed in CI treatment. However, no significant difference was found between CI and PRD85 treatments. The lowest root yield (26.1 t.ha-1) and white sugar yield (3.9 t.ha-1) was observed in RDI65 treatment. The f100 treatment had higher root yield (39.5 t.ha-1) and white sugar yield (5.8 t.ha-1) compared with f75 with 37.1 t.ha-1 root yield and 5.6 t.ha-1 white sugar yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Partial root drying
  • Regulated deficit irrigation
  • Root yield
  • sugar content
  • Water requirement

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