بررسی اثر محلول پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چغندر قند در سطوح مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میاندوآب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میاندواب، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میاندوآب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میاندوآب، ایران

10.22092/jsb.2025.369144.1386

چکیده

با هدف بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چغندرقند، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1403-1402 اجرا شد، دو سطح آبیاری نرمال (آبیاری بعد از 60 میلی‌متر تبخیر) و تنش کم‌آبی (آبیاری بعد از 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر) به کرت‌های اصلی و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد، 2 و 4 میلی مولار) به کرت‌های فرعی اختصاص داده شد. نتایج نشان داد کم‌آبی محتوی نسبی آب برگ (06/10%) و ضریب هدایت روزنه‌ای (82/15%) را کاهش و عیار قند را افزایش داد، همچنین بالاترین سطوح محتوی نسبی آب برگ، ضریب هدایت روزنه‌ای و عیار قند به سطح 4 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک اختصاص داشت. نتایج همچنین نشان داد کاربرد 2 میلی‌مولار تحت شرایط نرمال و 4 میلی‌مولار تحت شرایط کم‌آبی اسید سالیسیلیک محتوی کلروفیل a (به ترتیب 47/41 و 69/46 درصد)، کلروفیل b (به ترتیب 67/28 و 32/71 درصد)، کارتنوئید (به ترتیب 73/51 و 44/67 درصد)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (به ترتیب 48/47 و 19/37 درصد)، عملکرد ریشه (به ترتیب 74/33 و 11/26 درصد)، عملکرد شکر (به ترتیب 76/36 و 10/30 درصد)، مقدار فعالیت کاتالاز (به ترتیب 19/82 و 18/39 درصد)، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز (به ترتیب 75/34 و 52/146 درصد) را افزایش و محتوی پرولین (به ترتیب 67/19 و 08/12 درصد) و مالون دی آلدهید (به ترتیب 83/36 و 11/31 درصد) را کاهش دادند. همبستگی عملکرد شکر با محتوی کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، ضریب هدایت روزنه‌ای و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و عملکرد ریشه مثبت و معنی‌دار و با محتوی پرولین منفی و معنی‌دار بود. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک می‌تواند راهکاری مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد شکر تحت شرایط آبیاری نرمال و شرایط تنش کم‌آبی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet at different irrigation levels.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghaye Fatemi 1
  • BIjan kahraryan 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miandoab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miandoab city, Iran
2 Department of Agonomy and Plant Breeding, Miandoab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miandoab, Iran
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a key sugar-producing crop in temperate regions, with global cultivation covering ~4.52 million hectares in 2023. Drought stress significantly limits its growth and yield, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas like Iran. Plants respond to water deficit through biochemical, physiological, and morphological adaptations, including altered stomatal conductance, reduced RWC, and oxidative stress. Salicylic acid, a phytohormone, modulates stress responses by enhancing antioxidant activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and osmotic regulation. This study evaluated SA’s potential to mitigate drought effects on sugar beet in Miandoab, Iran.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in a silty-loam soil (pH 7.6, EC 2.15 dS/m) using a split-plot design. Irrigation levels (normal: 60 mm, deficit: 120 mm evaporation) were assigned to main plots, and SA concentrations (0, 2, 4 mM) to subplots. The cultivar ‘Dorothy’ was sown at 100,000 plants/ha. SA was applied twice: one week before and after inducing drought. Traits measured included photosynthetic pigments, proline, RWC, stomatal conductance, root yield, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD), and MDA. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1.
Results and Discussion:
The study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application (0, 2, and 4 mM) under normal irrigation (60 mm evaporation) and water deficit (120 mm evaporation) on sugar beet physiology and yield. Water stress significantly reduced chlorophyll a (by 44.3%), chlorophyll b (by 48.7%), carotenoids (by 43.9%), relative water content (RWC, 10.1%), stomatal conductance (15.8%), and root yield (26.9%), while increasing proline (49.2%), sugar content (8.98%), and malondialdehyde (MDA, 72.4%). SA application, particularly 4 mM, mitigated these effects: under water deficit, it increased chlorophyll a (46.7%), chlorophyll b (71.3%), carotenoids (67.4%), RWC (12.1%), and stomatal conductance (14.1%), while reducing proline (12.1%) and MDA (31.1%). Antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) showed elevated activity under stress, with 4 mM SA enhancing CAT by 39.2% and SOD by 146.5% compared to controls.
Yield parameters responded strongly to SA: under normal irrigation, 2 mM SA maximized root yield (97.57 t/ha) and sugar yield (15.29 t/ha), while 4 mM SA under water deficit improved root yield by 26.1% (67.12 t/ha) and sugar yield by 30.1% (12.10 t/ha) versus stressed controls. Sugar content increased by 8.98% under drought, but was highest (17.96%) with 4 mM SA. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between sugar yield and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a: r=0.76, chlorophyll b: r=0.80), RWC (r=0.60), stomatal conductance (r=0.62), and root yield (r=0.91), but negative correlations with proline (r=-0.67) and MDA (r=-0.76).
The mechanisms of SA's protective effects involved: (1) Preservation of photosynthetic apparatus via increased chlorophyll synthesis and reduced degradation under oxidative stress, (2) Enhanced water status through improved stomatal regulation and RWC, (3) Activation of antioxidant systems (CAT, SOD) to scavenge ROS, reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA), and (4) Osmotic adjustment via moderated proline accumulation. The 4 mM SA concentration proved most effective in drought conditions, nearly equalin g normal irrigation yields, suggesting its utility for water-limited cultivation. These findings align with previous reports of SA's role in stress mitigation across crops, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable strategy for maintaining sugar beet productivity under climate-induced water scarcity.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), particularly at 4 mM, effectively mitigates drought stress in sugar beet by enhancing physiological and biochemical responses. Under water deficit, SA improved photosynthetic efficiency by preserving chlorophyll and carotenoid content, maintained leaf water status through increased RWC and stomatal conductance, and activated antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD) to reduce oxidative damage. These adaptations translated into significant yield improvements, with 4 mM SA increasing root yield by 26.1% and sugar yield by 30.1% compared to stressed controls. The strong positive correlations between sugar yield and photosynthetic pigments, RWC, and stomatal conductance highlight SA’s role in sustaining carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency under stress. Conversely, reduced proline and MDA levels with SA treatment confirmed its effectiveness in alleviating osmotic and oxidative stress. The results suggest that 4 mM SA can nearly compensate for yield losses under moderate drought, offering a practical strategy for sugar beet cultivation in water-limited environments. Future research should explore SA’s long-term effects and interactions with other stress-mitigation practices to optimize its field application.
Keywords: Enzyme, Photosynthetic Pigment, Physiological, Water deficit,
References
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Enzyme
  • photosynthetic pigment
  • physiological
  • water deficit

مراجع

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دوره 41، شماره 1
شهریور 1404
صفحه 73-90

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