موانع کشت و تولید چغندرقند: مطالعه موردی شهرستان کیار در استان چهارمحال بختیاری

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مهندسی آگرواکولوژی دانشگاه آزاد شهرکرد و مدیر جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان کیار

10.22092/jsb.2025.367723.1378

چکیده

میزان شکر مصرفی سالانه کشور حدود ۲ تا 5/2 میلیون تن و تولید سالانه آن در حدود 6/1 میلیون تن است درنتیجه میزان کمبود این ماده غذایی از طریق واردات تأمین می‌شود. بنابراین نیاز است موانع تولید این محصول مهم و استراتژیک بررسی شوند. این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی و همبستگی است. میزان بارندگی از ایستگاه هواشناسی شهرستان کیار از توابع استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و سطح زیر کشت، عملکرد ریشه و شکر از کارخانه قند هفشجان طی سال‌های 1391 تا 1399 تهیه و بررسی شدند. سپس هفت عامل موانع مالی، موانع اقتصادی، موانع فنی، موانع اجتماعی، عوامل انگیزشی، موانع ناشی از عوامل اقلیمی و موانع حمایتی بر روی کشت چغندرقند بررسی گردیدند. جامعه آماری شامل 480 کشاورز بود و نمونه آماری به شیوه تصادفی ساده با استفاده از روش مورگان، تعداد 215 کشاورز تعیین شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌ای شامل 21 پرسش بود که پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. نتایج نشان داد که سطح زیر کشت چغندرقند و میزان عملکرد آن طی سال‌های 1399-1391 تحت تأثیر نوسانات آب و هوایی، بارندگی و مدیریت مزرعه قرار گرفته است. میانگین موانع مالی (78/41)، انگیزشی (65/23) و حمایتی (56/38) نسبت به میانه آن‌ها (به ترتیب 79/26، 66/38 و 57/72) کمتر است. با انجام آزمون فریدمن بالاترین رتبه مربوط به موانع فنی با میانگین رتبه 59/6 به دست آمد و بعد از آن دو عامل موانع اقتصادی و موانع مالی با میانگین رتبه 5/44 و 4/52 قرار گرفتند. ضریب همبستگی عدم کشت چغندرقند با موانع مالی، اقتصادی، فنی و انگیزشی مثبت و معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال یک درصد (به ترتیب 0/74، 0/74، 0/86 و 0/72) و با موانع اجتماعی، اقلیمی و حمایتی مثبت و معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال پنج درصد (به ترتیب 0/62، 0/51 و 0/61) بود که به‌منظور افزایش کشت و تولید محصول چغندرقند این موانع بایستی مورد توجه قرار بگیرند. تأمین اعتبارات مالی، بهبود فناوری‌ها، افزایش آموزش‌های فنی و دخالت مؤثر دولت در روند قیمت‌گذاری از جمله راهکارهای مناسب برای رفع این موانع هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Obstacles to sugar beet cultivation and production: a case study of Kiyar county in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ashraf Aghababapoor Dehkordi 1
  • saed davoodinia 2
1 Ph.D. student of Agriculture Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Ph. D student graduate of agroecology University of Shahr - e - Kord and the Director of the Agricultural Jihad of Kiyar County .
چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris. L.) is one of the industrial and strategic crops which accounts for a significant share of sugar production worldwide. Sugar is one of the imported goods and planning for sugar beet cultivation and sugar production is essential. Sugar beet cultivation and production are of great importance in the policies and plans of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad due to its agricultural, economic and industrial benefits. Currently, the  annual sugar consumption of the country is about 2-2.5 million tons and its annual sugar production is about 1.6 million tons. As a result, the country's deficit in sugar production is covered by imports. Therefore, obstacles to the production of this important product should be evaluated.
Materials and methods
In this study, the amount of rainfall recorded at the Kiyar meteorological station, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and also the data of Hafshejan sugar factory including cultivated area as well as root yield and sugar yield in the basin of Kiyar in the period 2012-2020 were evaluated. The obstacles of sugar beet cultivation were then examined. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population consisted of 480 growers. The sample size was determined by simple random sampling using the Morgan method, which resulted in 215 growers. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the data. The descriptive statistics included population characteristics and statistical indices such as standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum values of obstacles. In the inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated using SPSS (ver. 20) software. The Friedman test was used to rank the effect of each obstacle on sugar beet cultivation. Obstacles and difficulties in sugar beet cultivation were studied in seven factors: financial, economic, technical, social, motivational, climate, and supporting obstacles.
Results and discussion
The majority of participants in the survey were 40 years old and had diploma education. In the crop year  The area under sugar beet cultivation was at its peak (606 ha) in 2016-17 and decreased significantly since then in Kiyar county. Average scores of financial (78.41), motivation (65.23) and support barriers (56.38) were less than their median (79.26, 66.38 and 57.72, respectively). The Friedman test achieved the highest score for technical obstacles with average of 6.59 followed by two factors, economic and financial obstacles with average score of 5.44 and 4.52. The correlation between sugar beet cultivation and financial, economic, technical and motivational obstacles was positive and significant at 1% probability level (0.74, 0.74, 0.86 and 0.72, respectively) and with social, climatic and supportive obstacles was positive and significant at 5% probability (0.62, 0.51 and 0.61, respectively).
Conclusion
In order to increase the su gar beet cultivation and sugar production, the above-mentioned obstacles should be considered. Providing financial credits, improving technologies, increasing technical training and effective government intervention in pricing processes are some of the appropriate strategies to overcome these obstacles.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivation areas
  • Economic obstacles
  • Kiyar county
  • Sugar beet
  • Yield

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چغندرقند
دوره 40، شماره 2
مهر 1403
صفحه 269-284

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