نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2 موسسه علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
5 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
6 کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended abstract
Introduction
Fodder beet, with the ability to produce 12 to 16 tons of root dry matter per hectare, is superior to other forage crops in providing animal feed, especially in the winter season. The dry matter of fodder beet root contains 6.2% crude protein, 5.3% crude fiber, 64.9% sugars (mostly sucrose), and 0.16 to 1.60 MPa/lb of energy. Including fodder beet in the diet increases productivity in meat and milk production. One of the problems in producing fodder beet on a large scale is the appropriate method of storing it after harvest until consumption. Temperature, relative humidity, root damage during harvest, germination, root rot, bacterial growth, mold growth, and freezing are among the factors affecting the quality of fodder beet in silage. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of coating type, chemical compounds that inhibit the activity of fungal and mold, and storage duration.
Materials and Methods
Fodder beet production and silage formation were performed in split-split plot in time design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications at SBSI station located in Karaj in two crop season of 2021 and 2022. The type of clamp cover as a main plot (A) consisted of four levels of wheat straw with 10 cm thick, waterproof polypropylene cover with 0.55 mm thick and air permeability, wheat straw with 10 cm thick plus waterproof polypropylene cover with 0.55 mm thick and air permeability, and clamp without cover. Foliar spraying of fodder beet roots with 3% lime milk as a subplot (B) included two levels of with and without lime milk and storage period (C) in five levels including 30, 90, 60, 120 and 150 days. Fodder beet clamp was randomly formed in a north-south direction with 2 m wide, 35 m length, and nearly 2 m high, including four coating treatments (main plot) in three replications. During five months storage, 24 samples including 12 foliar spraying samples and 12 non-foliar spraying samples were taken out of the clamps every 30 days, weighed, and pulp samples were taken and evaluated in terms of quality. The minimum and maximum temperature were measured by placing a thermometer in the center of the clamps of the main plot. The accumulation temperature index (ADD) was calculated from the equation ADD=∑[(Tmax+Tmin)/2], where T max is the maximum daily temperature of the clamp, T min is the minimum daily temperature of the clamp, and <0 Tmin is considered equal to zero. The quality indices of the studied fodder beet included sucrose, root dry matter, amino acids, crude protein, fiber, and root rot.
Result and Discussion
Results showed that the total average daily ambient temperature during five months of fodder beet storage was 1019 and 993 °C, respectively, and accumulation degree day (ADD) inside the uncoated- and the coated fodder beet was 634 and 627 °C, respectively. Storing beet in a lower ADD resulted in a better storage quality. The ADD of the propylene- and the straw-coated were 631 and 621 °C, respectively for 150 days of storage which indicates better ventilation of the straw-coated, however the straw coating did not prevent the permeability of rain or ice formed from melting snow into the clamp. This could be the reason for the significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean score of rot and spoilage of fodder beet under straw cover (1.68) as well as uncovered (1.60) compared with the propylene cover (1.35) for 150 days of storage. The use of 3% lime milk significantly reduced the weight loss of fodder beet roots to 200 g per day. According to the results of the present study, the dry matter of fodder beet roots in both years did not show a significant difference up to 120 days of storage duration. On the other hand, the range of the average total daily accumulation temperature was 398-425 oC up to 120 days of fodder beet storage and the range of root rot and contamination score for the same period was 1.35-1.68 out of 9 scores, which indicates optimum storage condition.
Conclusion
Considering the lack of significant difference between the dry matter of fodder beet in the silo and the total accumulation degree day of 398-425 oC and the spoilage and infection score of 1.68-1.35, the best storage period is recommended up to 120 days for areas similar to Karaj.
animal feed, Accumulated degree days, beet storage method, Fodder beet,
Key words
animal feed, accumulated degree days, beet storage method, Fodder beet quality
References
Abdollahian Noghabi M, Babaee B, Mansouri B, Noshad H. Effect of on-farm storage method on root mass and sugar losses of sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2009; 25 (1) 71-85. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22092/JSB.2009.976
Burcky K, Maier J. Sugar loss in beets stored in field clamps with and without cover. Zukerindustrie. 2005; 130. No. 12, 891-896
Sadeghzadeh Hemayati S, Mahmoudi Sb, Hosseinpour M, Ahmadi M. Promotional guidelines for fodder beet cultivation. Fodder beet cultivation promotion guidelines. 2018; ISBN: 978-964-520-616-9
کلیدواژهها [English]
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