بهره‌وری ‌انرژی‌ و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای‌ در تولید چغندرقند استان قزوین و تعیین واحدهای کارا و ناکارا با روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها

نوع مقاله : کامل علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره)، کرج، ایران.

2 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج.

3 استادیار گروه فنی و ماشینهای کشاورزی مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

10.22092/jsb.2024.365412.1356

چکیده

چغندرقند یکی از محصولات استراتژیک کشور است که در سال 1401 تولیدی بالغ بر 6 میلیون تن داشته است، ایران در این سال رتبه‌ دوازدهم را در میان سایر کشورها به‌خود اختصاص داده است. امروزه افزایش مصرف نهاده‌ها به‌ویژه سوخت‌های فسیلی به‌منظور تأمین امینت غذایی، باعث افزایش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای شده است. این مطالعه به‌منظور تعیین و بهینه‌سازی شاخص‌های انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در تولید چغندرقند در استان قزوین به انجام رسیده است. در این پژوهش که اطلاعات موردنیاز آن از طریق مصاحبه با 20 نفر از چغندرکاران استان قزوین در قالب پرسشنامه، تهیه گردیده است، مجموع انرژی مصرفی و شاخص بهره‌وری انرژی به‌ترتیب 54749/39 مگاژول بر هکتار و 0/61 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول تعیین گردید. بیشترین سهم انرژی مصرفی مربوط به سوخت دیزل، کود نیتروژن، آب آبیاری و الکتریسیته به‌ترتیب با 26، 23، 20 و 12 درصد بود. متوسط انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای 1613/2 کیلوگرم معادل دی‌اکسید کربن در هکتار بود که سهم نهاده‌های سوخت دیزل، الکتریسیته، کود نیتروژن و ماشین‌آلات به‌ترتیب با 52، 21، 13 و 11 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که از میان 20 مزرعه مورد مطالعه، نه واحد زراعی از نظر مصرف انرژی کارا و 11 واحد دیگر ناکارا بودند. همچنین امکان صرفه‌جویی در انرژی مصرفی معادل 15/58 درصد، از طریق کاهش مصرف نهاده‌ها، بدون کاهش عملکرد در واحدهای ناکارا و تبدیل‌شدن آن‌ها به واحدهای کارا وجود دارد. این مقدار صرفه‌جویی می‌تواند باعث کاهش 13/71 درصد انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و ارتقاء بهره‌وری انرژی به 0/7 کیلوگرم بر هکتار در تولید چغندرقند منطقه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission in sugar beet production in Qazvin province and determination of efficient and inefficient units using data envelopment analysis method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Younesi Alamooti 1
  • Adel Vahedi 2
  • Morteza Sedaghat Hosseini 3
1 Faculty member of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
2 2. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 1. Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sugar beet is one of the country's strategic products, which was produced to more than 6 million tons in 2022 that ranked Iran as twelfth among other countries. Today, the increase in the consumption of inputs, especially fossil fuels, in order to ensure food security, has caused an increase in the emission of greenhouse gas. This study was conducted in order to determine and optimize energy indices and greenhouse gas emission in sugar beet production in Qazvin province. The required information was collected through interviews with 20 sugar beet growers in Qazvin province in the form of questionnaire. Total energy consumption and energy productivity were 54749.39 MJ/ha and 0.61 kg/MJ, respectively. The highest share of energy consumption was related to diesel fuel, nitrogen fertilizer, water and electricity with 26, 23, 20 and 12% respectively. The average greenhouse gas emission was 1613.2 Kg CO2eq.ha-1, and the share of diesel fuel, electricity, nitrogen fertilizer and machinery was 52, 21, 13 and 11% respectively. Results showed that among 20 studied fields, 9 agricultural units were efficient in terms of energy consumption and 11 other units were inefficient. Also, it is possible to save energy consumption equal to 15.58%, through reducing the consumption of inputs, without reducing the performance of inefficient units and turning them into efficient units. This amount of saving can reduce 13.71% of greenhouse gas emission and improve energy efficiency to 0.7 kg ha-1 in sugar beet production in the region

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy indices
  • greenhouse gas
  • sugar beet production
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