Evaluation of various sugar beet hybrids in autumn cultivation for root and sugar yield, bolting resistance, and rate of susceptibility to cercospora leaf spot

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Sugar Beet Seed Institute

2 Sugar beet seed institute

3 Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

4 sugar beet seed institute

10.22092/jsb.2025.370357.1392

Abstract

Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
Autumn-sown sugar beet cultivation offers a viable agronomic strategy for enhancing crop productivity and sustainability, particularly in regions with mild winters. By taking advantage of extended growing periods and cooler temperatures during the early developmental stages, Autumn sowing can contribute to higher root biomass and increased sugar accumulation. However, to successfully implement this system, the selection of appropriate genotypes is crucial. Varieties with strong resistance to bolting, a physiological response triggered by prolonged exposure to low temperatures, are essential to prevent premature flowering, which negatively impacts both yield and sugar quality. In addition, resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, is vital for preserving leaf health and ensuring sustained photosynthetic activity throughout the season.
The adoption of autumn-sown cultivation, when combined with resistant and high-performing varieties, has the potential to reduce production risks and input requirements, particularly in terms of irrigation. Autumn cultivation not only enhances water-use efficiency but also supports more sustainable land management and crop rotation practices.
 
Materials and methods
In order to evaluate and select superior hybrids, 10 promising hybrids along with one domestic control and four foreign controls were compared in two crop seasons of 2022 and 2023 at Safi-Abad Research Center in Dezful region. The desired hybrids along with five commercial varieties were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with four replications and the traits of root yield, white sugar percentage and white sugar yield were measured.
 
Results and discussion
Based on the results of the combined analysis of value for cultivation and use test data in the Dezful region, the new hybrids SBSI-223 and SBSI-224 showed more than 40% increase in yield with an average white sugar yield of 10.41 and 9.89 t.ha-1, respectively, compared with the domestic resistant control (6.99 t.ha-1). The hybrid SBSI-224 and the Palma cultivar were in the superior statistical group with an average sugar yield of 11.1 t.ha-1, and the hybrid SBSI-223 did not differ significantly from the Motor, Semper, and Vangelis cultivars. The average bolting of the two hybrids SBSI-223 and SBSI-224 was 0 and 0.09%, respectively, which is very promising and indicates the good tolerance of these hybrids to bolting under winter cultivation conditions in the southwest of the country. Another feature of these hybrids is their high resistance to cercospora disease. The average infection score of the new hybrids SBSI-223 and SBSI-224 was calculated to be 2.88 and 2.75, respectively, which was the lowest among other new hybrids and domestic and foreign control cultivars. The average infection score of the domestic resistant control was 5, and the foreign resistant cultivars Palma, Semper, Motor, and Vangelis were 3.31, 5.38, 3.38, and 3.94, respectively.
 
Conclusion
The hybrids SBSI-223 and SBSI-224 were identified as monogerm diploid cultivars suitable for winter cultivation in the beet growing areas of the southwest of the country. These hybrids had high root yield and sugar percentage and showed acceptable resistance to cercospora disease.
 
Keywords
Cultivar, Water-use efficiency, White sugar yield.
 
References
Fasahat P, Hosseinpour M, Kakueinezhad M, Hemayati SS, Laidig F. Effect of latitude on sugar beet bolting occurrence. Poljoprivreda i Sumarstvo. 2023; 69(2): 181-190. Doi:https://doi.org/10.17707/AgricultForest.69.2.14
Hosseinpour M, Hosseinian SH, Yousefabadi V. Effect of irrigation management on quantitative and qualitative parameters of autumn-sown sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet. 2017; 33(2): 221-235. (In Persian With English Abstract)Doi:https://doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2018.115067.1163
Rezaei J, Fasahat P. Autumn-sown sugar beet cultivation in semiarid regions. pp. 275-290. In: Misra, V. et al. (Eds.) Sugar beet cultivation, management and processing. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2022 Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2730-0_14
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
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Journal of Sugar Beet
Volume 41, Issue 1
September 2025
Pages 17-28

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