Effects of environment and genotypes on germination and emptiness of the seed of sugar beet single-crosses

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Author

Assistant professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

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Both environment and the maternal plant genotype affect the quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet seed. In this study, the effect of maternal plant and environment factors on the weight percent of yield in different seed size classes, germination and seed emptiness of 12  single-crosses were evaluated. Single-crosses were derived from the cross of 12 male-sterile lines with a pollinator. The study was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-15 in Karaj. Results showed that in addition to genotype, inappropriate conditions of the seed production environment increased thousand-seed weight. This increase was due to the greater growth of pericarp weight. The effect of genotype on seed embryo weight was effective. Also, the embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight of sugar beet seeds were affected by the seed production environment. The embryo weight in 2014 and 2015 was 2.91 and 2.26 mg, respectively. As a result, the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight decreased from 0.49 in 2014 to 0.29 in 2015. In addition to the genotype, the environmental conditions of seed production had a positive effect on increasing the percentage of empty seeds. The mean emptiness of seeds produced in Karaj in 2014 and 2015 was 10% and 32%, respectively. With the decrease of pericarp dry weight, the increase of embryo weight and the ratio of embryo to pericarp weight, germination rate and the mean germination time of sugar beet seeds increased and decreased, respectively.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Sugar Beet
Volume 38, Issue 1
September 2022
Pages 71-82

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