Effects of salinity stress on some physiological traits and pigment content of sugar beet cultivars

Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Associate professor of Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 MS student of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 PhD student of Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Sugar beet is a halophyte plant with different physiological mechanisms against salinity at different growth stages. To evaluate the effects of salinity on physiological characters and pigment content of sugar beet cultivars, a study was conducted in a complete randomized design with three replications in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2020. Four salinity levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mMol of NaCl and five sugar beet cultivars including Jaam, Motahar, 7233, BR1, and IC were used as treatments.  Results showed that in all studied cultivars, salinity stress caused a decrease in traits  such as chlorophyll florescence, stomatal conductance, relative chlorophyll index and growth parameters including fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot. On the other hand, salinity stress caused a significant increase in the concentration of pigments such as betalains and flavonoids. The lowest amount of decrease in growth parameters including fresh weight and dry weight of organs was observed in Jaam cultivar, and these changes were less than 20% compared with control samples under normal treatment. Meanwhile, variation in growth parameters in Motahar cultivar were more than other cultivars and reach up to 40%. This trend showed the higher tolerance of Jaam cultivar to salinity than other studied cultivars. Similar results were obtained for some physiological parameters such as phytochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The lowest and highest decreasing variations were observed in Jaam (20%) and Motahar (36%), respectively. In addition, under salinity stress, increase in pigments including flavonoids and betalains was more visible  in Motahar cultivar and reached up to three times compared with the samples of the same cultivar in the control group. According to the evaluations conducted using plant pigments level as well as physiological and growth indicators, Jaam cultivar can be considered as the most tolerant cultivar among studied cultivars at least up to 150 mM salt. In the meantime, Motahar, 7223, BR1 and IC were comparatively less tolerant to salinity. It can also be concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the amount of tolerance to salinity in sugar beet cultivars and the amount of betalain pigments.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Sugar Beet
Volume 37, Issue 2
September 2022
Pages 179-191

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