Control of Ammi majus in the fall sugar beet of Khozestan

Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
Weeds are one of the most important production constraints in sugar beet fields, and chemical control is the most common strategy for their management. The area under sugar beet cultivation in Iran is about 100,000 hectares annually, and determining the best management strategy to control weeds in order to reduce their damage will increase the production and income of the growers. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the best herbicide to control important weeds in sugar beet fields
 
Materials and Methods
In order to study of clopyralid (Clap forte, SG72%) efficacy on Ammi majus control and clethodim (Selection, EC 12%) efficacy on narrow leaf weed of sugar beet, two separate experiments were conducted in the provinces of Khuzestan (Ahvaz and Dezful) and Fars (Darab) in 2018. The treatments in the first experiment included the application of Clap forte at three doses including 0.8, 1, and 0.6 L ha^-1, phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate (Betanal Progress OF, at 3, 3.75 and 2.25 L ha^-1), Cycloate (Ro-neet EC 72.7%, at  3, 4 and 5 L ha^-1) and a combination of the Ro-neet+ Clap forte along with a weed free check. The second experiment included the application of Selection at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 L ha^-1, Select supper at 1 L ha^-1, Gallant supper at 1 L ha^-1and Nabues at 3 L ha^-1, and Weed free check. Both experiments were arranged as randomized complete block design with four replications. Effects of treatments were evaluated 30 days after herbicide application on weeds and sugar beet root yield at the end of season.
Results and Discussion
Results of the first experiment showed that in both Dezful and Behbahan area, Clap forte at all applied doses was able to control 80 to 100% of Ammi majus. This treatment was not effective on the other weed species. Among other herbicides, Ro-neet at 5 L ha^-1 and Betanal Progress OF at 3.75 L ha^-1 were able to control other weeds between 77 and 85%, in Behbahan and Dezful respectively. Results of the second experiment in Dezful showed a 99% reduction of Bermuda grass by the Selection herbicide at all three doses. However, in Darab, 1.5 L ha^-1 was able to control 80 and 90% of narrow-leaf weeds.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, Clap forte can be used at the rate of 0.8 L ha^-1 to control bishop’s flower and Selection at the rate of 0.5-1.5 L ha^-1 for Bermuda grass.
 
 
 
Keywords
Chemical control, Clethodim, Clopyralid, Sugar plant.
 
References
Cioni F, Maines G. Weed Control in Sugarbeet. Sugar Technology. 2010; 12(3–4):243–255. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/S12355-010-0036-2.
Najafi H, Maknali A, Hadizadeh MH, Fereydonpour M, Haghighi A. Evaluating the effectiveness of selective herbicides in fall sugar beet cultivation. Final report of the research project. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. 2018; P: 54
Sheikhi Gurjan A, Najafi H, Abbasi S, Azimi H, Moradi M. Organic and chemical pesticide guide of Iran. Rahdan Pub. 2023; P:569