Simulation of sugar beet growth and yield under different nitrogen levels
S.
Khayamim
Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) , Iran
author
M.
Bannayan Aval
Associate Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture college of Ferdosi University, Iran
author
H.
Noshad
Instructor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) Iran
author
F.
Ruzbeh
Instructor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Models can be used to predict crop yield and inputs levels such as fertilizer, in order to conduct programming for the management of probable future crisis. In this study, based on the model, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter partitioning in shoot and root of sugar beet was predicted. For model construction, data were collected from an experiment conducted in Karaj city in 2001. Inputs consisted of solar radiation, applied nitrogen, and some sugar beet morphophysiological parameters such as radiation use efficiency (RUE), specific leaf area (SLA), and root and shoot partitioning coefficients. Eleven variables including six independent parameters and five parameters with interaction effects were determined in this model (less variable number than similar models). Radiation use efficiency and SLA were calibrated for Karaj region. For model validation, results of the experiments conducted in Karaj, in 2001-03 and 2009, respectively were used. Simulated data for total and root dry matter and also crop cover were fitted to the observed data properly and the effect of nitrogen application on dry matter partitioning into different organs was determined. In this model, the sugar yield was estimated on the basis of optimum nitrogen level. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for the simulated and observed data for total root and plant dry matter and sugar yield were 12.86, 17.57 and 20.62, respectively which showed optimum fitness of the model to total root and dry matter and also sugar yield for the studied nitrogen levels.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
15
1
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_12072_66bf46fd1ee980608d484e3f7e899b75.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.12072
Agroclimatic zonation for evaluating autumn sugar beet sowing feasibility in Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan-e-Jonobi Provinces
M.A.
Javaheri
PhD Student of Agronomy, Zabol University, Iran
author
M.
Ramroudi
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
author
M.R.
Asgharipour
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
author
M.
Dahmardeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
author
A.R.
Ghaemi
Assistant Professor, Khorasan Agricultural Research Center
author
text
article
2015
per
Autumn sugar beet sowing has priority to its spring sowing in terms of economic productivity and water use efficiency. In Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan-e-Jonobi provinces, sugar beet is only sown in spring. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the feasibility of autumn sugar beet sowing in these regions. Using geographical information systems is the best and inexpensive way to identify suitable areas for the crop sowing. Therefore, climatic information such as temperature and rainfall were collected. Then, cumulative thermal units, biomass productivity index, vernalization time, freez risk, rainfall occurrence and day length were estimated for each station. The computed values of climatic parameters were all converted to point data in ArcGIS environment. Results showed that in most of the Khorasan Razavi regions and central regions of Khorasan-e-Jonobi, there is a risk of bolting. In southwestern Khorasan-e-Jonobi, the total hours needed for sugar beet vernalization is less than the required time. However, less than 50 mm rainfall in this area is another limitation for sugar beet autumn sowing. Also, in areas with more than 190 mm rainfall, there is a risk of freezing, lack of optimal growing degree days (GDD), and vernalization. Based on final zoning map, 4.90% of the lands in these provinces were most favorable, 16.74% as favorable, 47.98% as medium, and 30.38% were not favorable for autumn sugar beet sowing.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
31
17
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101436_ad6a3279a287adfb7ed41fec37d2f2c2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101436
The effects of wastewater irrigation on sugar content and morphological traits of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
E.
Ahmadpoor Dehkordi1
MSc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
author
M.R.
Tadayon
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
In order to evaluate the effects of wastewater irrigation on sugar content and morphological traits of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), an experiment was conducted in split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Station in Shahrekord University in 2013. The treatments consisted of irrigation with urban wastewater at 2-4 and 8-12 leaf stages, and irrigation with normal water (control) in main plots, and four types of fertilizer including sheep manure, mushroom compost, chemical fertilizer, and no fertilizer (control) in sub-plot. Results showed that irrigation at 8-12 leaf stage significantly increased single root weight, shoot fresh weight, root length and diameter in comparison with control. However, copper and manganese concentration in shoot, sugar content, and white sugar content were not influenced significantly. Fertilizer treatments had significant influence on the aforesaid traits. The maximum single root weight, shoot fresh weight, and root length and diameter were observed in sheep manure treatment and irrigation at 8-12 leaf stage.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
47
33
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_12990_fd7bed4bf987986e4b3a7060178439e1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.12990
Detection of hydrogen cyanide biosynthetic gene in Pseudomonas fluorescent as a control agent of Rhizoctonia solani growth
M.
Konjedi
MSc Student, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Iran
author
J.
Vatandoost
Assistant professor, Dept. of Biology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran.
author
A
Janatabadi
Assistant professor, Dept. of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
In order to detect hydrogen cyanide gene and to determine Pseudomonas fluorescent efficiency in producing hydrogen cyanide for controlling the growth of Rhizoctonia solanipathogen (the causal agent of sugar beet root and crown rot), samples were collected from sugar beet rhizosphere in Sabzevar fields. After soil sampling and purification, 31 Pseudomonas Spp. isolates were separated on specific Pseudomonas agar F medium, and Pseudomonas fluorescent strains were identified and isolated based on microbial tests. PCR results showed that three strains contained cyanide hydrogen biosynthetic gene. The qualitative evaluation of hydrogen cyanide production in microbial medium showed that all the strains were capable of producing different amounts of hydrogen cyanide. To determine the growth inhibition rate of Rhizoctonia solani by Pseudomonas fluorescent, the percentage of fungus growth in the presence of bacteria was calculated. Among the three Pseudomonas fluorescent strains, C7 showed the greatest inhibition rate and hydrogen cyanide production which can be recommended as a suitable candidate for the pathogen biocontrol.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
59
49
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101438_07f2761587602fc9d80b0bbd3c114bfa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101438
Increasing the efficiency of sugar beet pulp saccharification by Trichoderma reesei superior mutants for bioethanol production
S.
Shahbazi
Assistant professor of Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of IRAN (AEOI), Alborz, Iran
author
H.
Askari
Master expert of Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of IRAN (AEOI), Iran
author
A.
Ebrahimi
Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Iran
author
M.
Safaeie
Department of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Iran
author
M.
Karimi
Department of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Sugar beet pulp is one of the sugar industries by-products which can be used for cellulase enzyme production, Enzymatic Saccharification, and alcohol production due to its high percentage of lingo-cellulosic content. Trichoderma spp. is an important fungus that produces a wide range of cellulytic enzymes. In this study, cellulase enzyme was produced by placing sugar beet pulp in Trichoderma fermentation media together with 21 gamma irradiated T. reesei mutants and then shaking at 180 rpm at 28 °C for 72 h. All isolates were screened for cellulytic enzyme production. T. r M5 mutanthad the highest level of endo-glucanase, total cellulase, and exo-glucanase enzymeactivity among the all mutants and primary parental isolates. It also had optimum ß-glucosidase activity. The protein profile of T. r M5 mutant was analyzed using SDS-PAGE test. T. r M5 had different enzymatic bands with variable molecular weight related to EG IV, Cel 3C, Cel 3D, Cel 3A, Cel 7A, Cel 6A, Cel 5A, and Cel 61A enzymes. Results showed that T. r M5 mutant had the highest efficiency for sugar beet pulp saccharification among the all mutants. Sugar beet pulp saccharification was carried out within 1 h using enzymes produced by this mutant. The amount of alcohol production from sugar released by industrial yeast stains Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus was evaluated. Alcohol production in T. r M 5 was 1.5-2 times more than its parent, T. reesei .
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
76
61
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101498_7c9e8dc1a45870c5a017901b6cf95bac.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101498
Evaluation of the economic changes of planting pattern resulted from sugar beet planting area variation (case study: Qazvin plain)
A.
Parhizkari
PHD Student, University of Tehran PNU, Researcher of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Qazvin and the member of the National Foundation of Elites
author
M.M.
Mozaffari
Assistant professor of Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin
author
M.
Hoseyni Khodadadi
PHD Student of University of Zabol
author
R.
Parhizkari
MSc of Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin
author
text
article
2015
per
Sugar beet is one of the major products in Qazvin plain that allocated most of planting areas to itself after wheat, barley and corn. In recent years, restriction on water resources decreased sugar beet planting area in this plain. Therefore, in this study, the effects of increase in sugar beet planting area on planting pattern, grower's gross profit, and inputs utilization under water shortage was investigated. To achieve this goal, positive mathematical programming model and products yield function based on water requirement was used. Data were collected from the questionnaires completed by 127 growers in 2012-13. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the model was solved by GAMZ software. Results showed that increase in sugar beet planting decreased wheat, barley and canola planting area and increased the grower's gross profit. It also resulted in reduction in inputs utilization such as water, capital, and machines in large fields and increase in utilization of the aforesaid inputs for small and medium fields. In conclusion, increasing sugar beet planting area which resulted in reduction in fertilizer and pesticide application is recommended as a proper solution for reducing environmental pollution in southern regions of Qazvin plain.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
92
77
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_12991_91a0e30d9b5c40491eea5568ea404783.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.12991
Factor analysis of the challenges influencing sugar beet producers in Harsin city
S.
Fatahi
کارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی- دانشگاه تهران
author
A.
Binaian
Phd student of Razi University, Iran
author
A.
Rezvanfar
professor of Tehran University, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Because of world population increase and lack of appropriate food production, it is necessary that the developing countries make fundamental changes in their traditional production systems through utilizing new agronomical methods, farm management principles, and proper marketing. This study aimed to analyze factors involved in sugar beet production challenges in Harsin city, Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all sugar beet producers in Harsin city (N = 423). Based on Cochran formula, sample size was determined to 117. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (regression and factor analysis) statistical methods. Factors extracted from factor analysis included problems that sugar beet producers face under the title of pest and disease, crop marketing, land preparation and seed planting, crop husbandry, and harvest. Regression analysis results showed that, 73% of the dependent variable variation was explained by six variables including the rate of technology usage, access to information resources, education, access to production inputs, knowledge, and ownership of machines. Finally, facilitating access to new technology and holding educational and training courses for sugar beet producers is recommended.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
107
93
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101748_c70c7aca1425ebaa8160c07b1bb3b0ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101748
Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of sugar beet fields in Miandoab city, West Azerbaijan province
J.
Gholami ghajelou
Student of Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, Iran
author
D.
Ghanbarian
Assistant professor of Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University,Iran
author
A.
Maleki
Assistant professor of Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, Iran
author
M.
Torki Harchegani
Student of Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The objectives of this study were to determine the energy use efficiency and economical potential of sugar beet production in Miandoab city, West Azerbaijan province in 2011-12. Fields were classified into three groups as group I (less than 1 ha), group II (1-2 ha), and group III (more than 2 ha). Inputs and outputs data were collected from growers using questionnaire and interview methods. Results showed that the total energy input for the groups I, II and III was 40700, 46868, and 48646 MJ ha-1, respectively and the total energy output was 565488, 857657, and 1081920 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy use efficiency for the groups I, II and III was 13.89, 18.30 and 22.24%, respectively. The total cost of sugar beet production for the groups I, II and III was 40570, 42315 and 47996 thousands Rials ha-1, respectively. The benefit-to-cost ratio for the groups I, II and III was 1.02, 1.42 and 1.56, respectively. Results of this study showed that larger farms had better energy use efficiency and economic performance.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
122
109
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101955_1a0dc08bb790ade624b10a14fbf63be4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101955
The possibility of bioethanol production from autumn sugar beet
B.
Babaee
Instructor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Iran.
author
P.
Noruzi
Associate professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI),Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
Ethanol is a clean and renewable energy source. The necessity of ethanol usage, instead of fossil fuels or mixed with them, in order to reduce environmental pollution resulted in increase of ethanol production from 50 million m-3 in 2007 to 85 million m-3 in 2012. The present study aimed to compare the cost of bio-ethanol production from sugar beet with other agricultural crops, and also economical comparison of sugar beet production in spring and autumn seasons, and finally, to estimate the required capital for constructing industrial unit for bio-ethanol production. Studies showed that the average cost of producing 2.3-3.3 m-3 ha-1bio-ethanol from one hectare spring and autumn sugar beet fields with average yield of 37 and 48 t ha-1 and 17.5 and 13.3% sugar content is 92 and 89 million Rials, respectively. With the implementation of research recommendations in autumn sugar beet production and increasing sugar content, the bio-ethanol production may increase to 5.4 m-3 ha-1. In addition, using dried pulp, bio-ethanol production efficiency can be increased to 0.25 m-3 t-1 of dried pulp. To produce about 76000 m-3 ethanol per year (with the assumption of producing 90 liters ethanol from 1000 kg sugar beet with sugar content of 15%), about 1100 tons sugar beet is needed. In conclusion, with activation of autumn sugar beet planting for bio-ethanol production, not only air pollution will be reduced but also a good source of income for growers and dependent industries will be provided.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
31
v.
1
no.
2015
129
123
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_101497_1ca74b6c5a206a525c0cf09c48f15acc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.2015.101497