The effect of in planta TIBA and L-proline in cell culture media on somatic embryogenesis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
B.
Ehsanimoghadam
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Iran
author
M.
Mwsbah
Sugar beet Seed Institute, Iran
author
N.
Yavari
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Iran
author
text
article
1999
per
The effect of in planta TIBA and proline on in vitro seedlings and cell culture of sugar beet was investigated. Sterilized seeds were grown in vitro on ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 0 or 3 mg/l TIBA. Calli obtained on young leaves cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP, were used for the intiation of cell suspension cultures using MS basal composition supplemented with 0 or 50 m M proline. Aliquats of 1 ml from cell suspension culture were inoculated onto the first somatic embryo induction MS medium containing TIBA 0.5 mg/l, BAP 1.0 mg/l and proline at 0 or 50 mM. After three weeks of culture, embryogenic calli were transferred to the second embryo induction medium supplemented with NAA and BAP at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. The frequency of somatic embryos of calli obtained from in planta TIBA together with proline treatments on average was 20 which was higher than that of the other treatments.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
1
15
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_109558_f787552c0561a09cba698455e9c8c664.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.109558
Physiological factors limiting germination of monogerm sugar beet seed, 1- Inhibitory function of the seed cap
M.
Dehghanshoar
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Iran
author
text
article
1999
per
Seed cap tightness is known to be highly associated with the low germinability of sugar beet fruits. Despite, accomplishment of physiological phases of germination in germinating sugar beet seed with a tight cap, seedling emergence is usually suppress by the cap. As the seed coat (including the cap) is originated from ovary wall of the mother plant, seed cap tightness could be considered as one of the most important factor for selection of high yielding progenies. Therefore, a simple technique is needed for procise assessment of the seed cap thightness. Due to the problems associated with the indirect method, based on the use of the osmatic potential of PEC for assessment of cap tightness (Morris et al. 1985), a simple technique was developed by the author to determine the force required for seed cap removal. The similarity of the result from indirect method, (Morris et. al, 1985), and that of the direct method of this study suggested that, enzymatic action on seed cap loosening is unlikely to play an important part in cap removal, and confirms therefore, the force provided via expansion of the true seed during water imbibitions is likely to be the main limitation to seed cap removal. The similarity of the result also confirms that, without facing any of the problems associated with the indirect method, the direct method could be used for seed quality control and also for selection of mother plants, which could produce high quality seed. In this study it was found that the larger the fruit, the larger the seed cap. Further, it was illustrated that the direct force for seed cap removal in the large fruits was significantly more than that required for small fruits. This, more likely, could be the reason for low germinability of the large fruits. The result of this study also showed that soaking fruit for different period of time has no significant effect on the force required for cap removal.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
16
26
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_109561_ac8a5eb925eaaebb7050c627a5b2fe3d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.109561
Effect of sowing methods on yield and growth parameters of sugar beet in saline soils
Z.
Ranji
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
A.
Habib Kodaee
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
M.
Sadegh Kohestani
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
S.
Vahedi
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
1999
per
In order to apply suitable methods for sugar beet seed sowing and determine the relation between yield and growth parameters in saline soils, two salt tolerant progeny lines were sown by five methods for two years (1995 and 1996) using a split plot design. Growth parameters such as Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate, Total Dry Weight and Relative Growth Rat were analysed. PH and EC of the soil at 0-30 and 30-60 cm depth were 8.7, and 17, respectively. Five seed sowing methods were : sowing in the middle of row using manure as fertilizer, sowing on the edge of each row, sowing on middle of row after irrigation and removing surface soil, sowing on both sides of each row and sowing along the furrow . Simple and combined analysis of variance were made and means of treatments as well as interaction means of cultivar x treatments were grouped. The results demonstrated significant differences between root yield, white sugar yield, growth parameters and Na / K ration for two progeny lines and sowing methods. Maximum leaf area index and root yield were 2.27 and 27.02 (t/h) respectively when seeds were sown in one side of the row. In this sowing method the Na/K ratio of two progeny lines was less than in other methods.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
27
46
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_109567_4fcccf998e06a849a07a3b1df9d89cac.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.109567
Sugar beet growth pattern in Esfahan
H.R.
Ebrahimian
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
M.R.
Jahadakbar
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
text
article
1999
per
Crop growth development depends on environmental and physiological factors. A study was conducted from 1994 to 1997 for the evaluation of the growth pattern of sugar beet using a complete randomized block design with four replications in Kaboutar Abad Station 30 kilometers east of Esfahan. The rate of root dry matter accumulation progressively increased up to 180 days after planting and decreased afterward. The crown dry matter steady increased during the entire growing season. Shoot Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and root RGR were negative after 120 and 170 to 200 days after planting. The highest root crop growth rate were 18, 22 and 20 gr/m2/day and Leaf Area Index were 2.4 , 4.7 and 2.8 for 1994 to 1997 respectively. The highest root yield obtained in 1995 in which the maximum RGR was observed at 130 days and were zero, 200 days after planting. For all three years Na, K and µ-Amino-nitrogen content decreased and white sugar content increased in growth season.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
47
60
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113510_d1e32e82979fbbab55f4e3b1a1c9d34f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113510
Evaluation of three agronomic management on economic water consumption for six cultivars of sugar beet during the first three months of the growing season
M.R.
Jahadakbar
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
H.R.
Ebrahimian
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
text
article
1999
per
Most sugar beet breeders in dry regions of Iran use agronomic managements to face water shortage, during the first three months of the growing season: water deficit after germination, and planting after the last irrigation of wheat crop. The effective of this study is the comparison of this agronomic managements with early planting with no water stress. This research was carried out during 1993-1995 in Kaboutarabad research station of Esfahan in a sility clay loam soil. The main plots of the three agronomic managements consisted of early planting and complete irrigation (check), early planting and water stress after germination till the last irrigation of wheat crop, and planting after the last irrigation of crop and six commercial cultivars of sugar beet as subplots in a split plot design with four replications. These managements showed significant effects on root and white sugar yield during 1994-1995. However, management had no significant effects on other characteristics. In 1995, the percentage of sugar and white sugar yield of cultivars were different. Other characteristics during the first two years showed non significant differences. Early planting with water stress during the three years had higher sugar yield in comparison with the other two management. Late planting didn’t show significant difference with the check. Higher efficiency in sugar yield was obtained by post planting with water stress. The low yield in check treatment was due to chlorosis during the three years of experiment, which requires more research. It is concluded that in dry regions economic water use in sugar beet crop can be achieved by either early planting with water stress or post planting which result in fairly acceptable white sugar yield and facing against chlorosis.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
61
74
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113511_cf567ce44973d4e7ef396cb5d3f452e3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113511
Effect of water deficit in initial growth stage on sugar beet yield
J.
Gohari
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
Gh.
Tohidloo
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran.
author
M.
Mesbah
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
1999
per
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of water stress on sugar beet yield, at Motahary research station. A split plot experiment was undertaken with in a randomized complete block design with four replications for three years. Main plots were different times of water stress as implemented after the 3rd, 4th, 5th and sixth irrigation. Subplots were included as 2/5, 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 of available soil water. The results showed some parameters like root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield were significant in the first year. Combined analysis of three years, experiments showed that root and sugar yield had significant differences. In addition, Duncan-test used for mean analysis of three years showed that sugar content and white sugar content were affected by the interaction and using total available water) was the best treatment. Whereas A1B2 treatment (water stress after third irrigation and using 3/5 available water) showed the lowest yield in comparision the other treatments. Moreover, important parameters such as root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield are affected by the interaction of treatments. These were most favorably affected by A3B2 treatment (water stress after the fifth irrigation and using 4/5 available water). The A4B4 treatment (water stress after sixth irrigation and using complete available water) the lowest yield showed. These results indicated that water stress after fifth irrigation (about 45 days after sowing) and using 60% available water of soil is optimum for saving water and increasing yield production.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
75
86
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113512_adea90ab4d38c3bab088d932817bf0ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113512
Determination of the optimum N, P and K fertilizers for sugar beet in Shahrekord
H.R.
Ebrahimian
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
H.
Khodadadi
Chaharmahal BakhtiariAgricultural Research
author
M.R.
Jahadakbar
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
text
article
1999
per
The effects of N, P and K fertilizers on sugar beet yield and quality were assessed by using T4IR cultivar during 1994, 1996 and 1997 at Shahre Kord Agricultural Research Center. In this study for rates of N (0, 90, 180 , 270 Kgha-1), three rates of P2O5 (0, 90, 120 Kgha-1) fertilizers were evaluated in a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications. Two other treatments (N180, P90, K120 and N180, P90 K50) also were tested. The results showed that, root yield was affected by different nitrogen rates in every three years and with it’s increasing, root yield increased. I 1995 the maximum root was obtained with 270 kg-1 and were non significant with 180kg Nha-1 . Therefore in 1994, 1997, 90kg Nha-1 were non significant with 270kg Nha-1 . Sugar content decreased as N rate increased from 0 to 270 in each of the three years but brei K and alpha amino N increased. The white sugar yield was affected by N rates and increased as N rates increased and maximum white sugar yield was obtained with 270 kgha-1 in 1996 and it’s difference with 180 kg Nha-1 was not significant. Therefore in 1994 and 1997 90 kg Nha-1 showed no difference with 270 kgNha-1 . The effect of P fertilizer on quality and quantity of sugar beet characteristics was non significant. The effect of N×P on root yield, sugar content and other quality characteristics were non significant. Results showed that years had a major effect on sugar beet quality and quantity characteristics. K treatments were non significant. Apparently the soil had provided considerable portion of the plants need for P and k.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
87
101
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113513_1b4ff618f62cb52f2a132e6d2780702c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113513
The effects of rate and timing of N application on sugar beet crop
M.R.
Jahadakbar
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
H.R.
Ebrahimian
Sugar beet research department- Esfahan Agricultural Research
author
text
article
1999
per
Sugar beet root in some regions of Esfahan province have undesirable quality. Such low qualities are reported to be due to irrigation with nonsaline water. On the other hand, in these regions, the high application rate and timing of N fertilizer is considered to be responsible for the low quality of sugar beet root. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of nitrogen application rate and timing on the yield and quality of sugar beet root. This study was conducted in Kabotarabad Research Station. The soil had a silty clay loam lexture. The main plots were fertilized with 90,135, 180 and 225 kg N/ha respectively. The subplots were treated as 1) 100% N applied after thinning, 2)50% N before planting, and 50% after thinning, 30 25% N before planting 50% N after thinning and 25% N one month later and 4)25% N before planting 25% N after thinning and 25% N one month later and 25% N two months later. The amount of N had no significant effect on the root yield, however the sugar content, sodium, potassium, a-amino nitrogen, purity and sugar molasses were affected considerably. An increase in the amount of N increased sugar molasses. The timing of N application had no effect on the not significant. Consequently, in regards to economic production of sugar beet, in regions with no salinity limitations, it is recommended to apply 90 kg/ha net nitrogen entirely after thinning. If 20% of starter N is supplied by fertilizer sources such as ammonium phosphate or urea.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
102
114
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113514_d180721cd38463a3d24d72e608c1b63b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113514
shortnote
B.
Ehsanimoghdam
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
author
text
article
1999
per
-
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
115
115
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113515_a4cee795ff9e636794472b9c495f3661.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113515
The activity of an apterous insect in sugar beet fields of Karaj
V.
Ghadiri
Plant pests and Diseases Research Laboratory, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
1999
per
This insect belongs to primitive insects (order Collembola) called springtails. They are usually characterized by a special organ on the underside of the body enabling them to jump. The species living on sugar beet roots (probably Onychiurus spp.) are usually white and about 2-4 mm. long. They live in the soil, produce minute, rounded pits which turn dark rapidly after feeding. Seedlings may be killed before and at emergence, or their growth may be stunted as a result of the damage. This kink of damage is similar to fungus damage or sugar beet flea beetle. There was a low population density of these insects on roots and collar of seedlings in Motahary research station this year. They are more active in soils rich in organic materials or animal manure. When ever numerous on the main root or collar of a tiny seedling, they become dangerous. Besides of their damage by feeds, they provide entry points for pathogenic fungi.
Journal of Sugar Beet
Sugar Beet Seed Institute
1735-0670
14
v.
1
no.
1999
116
116
https://jsb.areeo.ac.ir/article_113516_8d194d4c40e54588e4b6ead64ecba7ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/jsb.1999.113516